Sperm and bacteria
powered biohybrids. (A) Bull spermatoozen trapped
within microtubes. (B) Sperm cell coupling (i), transport (ii), approach
to the oocyte membrane (iii), and release (iv). (C) MC-1 bacteria
with (bottom) and without liposomes (top). (D) Janus particles with
specific cell adhesion of E. coli to the metal cap.
(E) Beads (30 μm) with attached Serratia marcescens. (F) Examples of E. coli swimming with 2 μm
and 600 nm Janus particles. Panels A, D, and F reprinted with permission
from refs (38 and 76). Copyright
2016 John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Panel B reprinted with permission from
ref (69). Copyright
2016 American Chemical Society. Panel C reprinted with permission
from ref (72). Copyright
2014 American Chemical Society. Panel E reprinted with permission
from ref (75). Copyright
2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.