Table 1.
Characteristics of Participating ALSPAC Cohort Study Women
| n | Mean (SD) for continuous variables and prevalence n (%) for categorical variables | |
|---|---|---|
| Exposure measurements | ||
| Total hip BMD (g/cm2) | 3366 | 1.03 (0.14) |
| TB BMD minus head (g/cm2) | 3366 | 1.09 (0.08) |
| TB BMC minus head (g) | 3366 | 2164.7 (365.8) |
| TB area minus head (cm2) | 3366 | 1972.9 (231.1) |
| Outcome measurements | ||
| cIMT (mm) | 3366 | 0.56 (0.06) |
| Average arterial distensibility (mm) | 3366 | 0.50 (0.12) |
| Confounder variables | ||
| Age (years) | 3366 | 48.1 (4.2) |
| Height (cm) | 3366 | 164.2 (6.1) |
| Loge fat mass (kg) | 3366 | 3.2 (0.4) |
| Loge lean mass (kg) | 3366 | 3.7 (0.1) |
| Daily calcium intake (mg) a | 1936 | 476.4 (180.0) |
| Calcium and/or vitamin D supplements [n (%)] | 3366 | 100 (3.0) |
| Menopause [n (%)] | 3366 | 984 (29.2) |
| Hormone replacement [n (%)] | 3366 | 175 (5.2) |
| Current/ex‐smoker [n (%)] | 3366 | 1,303 (38.7) |
| Physical activity [n (%)] a | 1936 | |
| None | 98 (5.1) | |
| Minimal/limited | 236 (12.2) | |
| Some | 917 (47.4) | |
| Moderate | 402 (20.8) | |
| Very active | 283 (14.6) | |
| Social class [n (%)] a | 1936 | |
| I | 190 (9.8) | |
| II | 766 (39.6) | |
| III (non‐manual) | 750 (38.7) | |
| III (manual) | 92 (4.8) | |
| IV/V | 138 (7.1) | |
| Frequency of alcohol consumption [n (%)] a | 1936 | |
| Never | 160 (8.3) | |
| Monthly or less | 293 (15.1) | |
| 2 to 4 times/month | 354 (18.3) | |
| 2 to 3 times/week | 984 (35.3) | |
| 4 or more times/week | 445 (23.0) | |
| Other variables | ||
| BMI | 3366 | 26.3 (5.1) |
| Total hip T‐score between –1 and –2.5 SD [n (%)] b | 3357 | 429 (12.8) |
| Total hip T‐score below –2.5 SD [n (%)] b | 3357 | 15 (0.45) |
SD = standard deviation; cIMT = common carotid intima‐media thickness; BMD = bone mineral density; BMC = bone mineral content.
Results are shown as mean (SD) for continuous variables and n (%) for categorical variables.
a
Valid data available only in a subgroup, n = 1936.
b
Valid data available only in a subgroup, n = 3357.