Table 2.
Country-specific estimates of attributable costs (base case scenarios for individual exposure-outcome relationships without accounting for probability of causation). Estimates not rounded for significant digits
| Country | Polybrominated diphenyl ether and lost cognition |
Organophosphate and lost cognition |
Autism | ADHD | DDE-Childhood obesity | DDE-Adult diabetes | Phthalate-adult obesity | Phthalate-adult diabetes | Bisphenol A-childhood obesity | Testicular cancer |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria | € 176,283,397 | € 2,590,556,536 | € 3,712,201 | € 36,402,871 | € 457,864 | € 18,576,326 | € 174,436,546 | € 13,506,936 | € 28,626,042 | € 21,542,193 |
| Belgium | € 272,153,094 | € 4,147,634,011 | € 5,652,233 | € 47,389,400 | € 462,242 | € 22,770,259 | € 235,409,768 | € 16,556,365 | € 43,586,286 | € 16,701,009 |
| Bulgaria | € 57,786,610 | € 875,407,110 | € 1,139,288 | € 9,162,154 | € 117,297 | € 4,151,953 | € 186,303,727 | € 3,018,905 | € 8,785,434 | € 4,179,805 |
| Croatia | € 48,825,603 | € 756,198,808 | € 934,887 | € 9,228,661 | € 117,260 | € 3,245,031 | € 100,589,057 | € 2,359,478 | € 7,209,231 | € 4,510,408 |
| Cyprus | € 16,218,595 | € 245,788,264 | € 341,588 | € 3,207,904 | € 73,697 | € 816,057 | € 17,883,719 | € 593,359 | € 2,634,104 | € 1,095,216 |
| Czech Republic | € 165,306,044 | € 2,515,515,985 | € 3,443,213 | € 23,601,599 | € 313,514 | € 11,458,530 | € 286,218,431 | € 8,331,553 | € 26,551,785 | € 17,873,104 |
| Denmark | € 141,562,301 | € 2,155,440,588 | € 3,103,908 | € 28,629,357 | € 177,290 | € 12,121,072 | € 120,825,618 | € 8,813,290 | € 23,935,286 | € 20,510,714 |
| Estonia | € 17,616,470 | € 267,739,108 | € 365,573 | € 2,510,613 | € 22,958 | € 795,900 | € 29,182,923 | € 578,703 | € 2,819,059 | € 808,371 |
| Finland | € 121,526,668 | € 1,849,790,532 | € 2,535,114 | € 22,151,271 | € 225,306 | € 9,616,215 | € 138,122,297 | € 6,991,996 | € 19,549,124 | € 5,650,974 |
| France | € 1,605,895,077 | € 24,520,883,006 | € 32,323,890 | € 280,421,576 | € 2,519,325 | € 144,565,573 | € 1,335,656,554 | € 105,114,327 | € 249,260,491 | € 127,456,361 |
| Germany | € 1,441,817,385 | € 22,022,914,292 | € 30,118,102 | € 306,324,578 | € 3,754,568 | € 173,822,899 | € 1,932,811,050 | € 126,387,471 | € 232,250,909 | € 212,806,020 |
| Greece | € 180,731,574 | € 2,760,253,146 | € 3,598,297 | € 30,612,497 | € 806,412 | € 20,697,296 | € 221,936,290 | € 15,049,104 | € 27,747,692 | € 5,383,183 |
| Hungary | € 104,043,559 | € 1,583,806,141 | € 2,344,763 | € 21,053,456 | € 339,787 | € 9,929,408 | € 253,747,009 | € 7,219,720 | € 18,081,265 | € 18,447,596 |
| Ireland | € 169,313,689 | € 2,579,727,151 | € 3,445,815 | € 25,237,233 | € 391,114 | € 9,172,269 | € 95,779,768 | € 6,669,201 | € 26,571,853 | € 13,312,897 |
| Italy | € 1,035,810,634 | € 15,790,856,085 | € 21,040,159 | € 182,641,955 | € 4,213,512 | € 95,025,679 | € 1,222,640,306 | € 69,093,631 | € 162,247,806 | € 108,384,791 |
| Latvia | € 18,777,121 | € 285,300,786 | € 424,250 | € 3,075,683 | € 30,001 | € 1,240,469 | € 54,692,920 | € 901,951 | € 3,271,540 | € 1,349,601 |
| Lithuania | € 32,439,160 | € 492,752,218 | € 640,601 | € 6,600,704 | € 68,408 | € 1,856,527 | € 71,605,012 | € 1,349,890 | € 4,939,893 | € 889,257 |
| Luxembourg | € 26,604,443 | € 404,123,792 | € 568,011 | € 5,286,611 | € 42,406 | € 1,858,652 | € 11,461,322 | € 1,351,435 | € 4,380,126 | € 2,898,370 |
| Malta | € 5,654,988 | € 86,051,306 | € 122,349 | € 1,277,233 | € 28,277 | € 585,445 | € 12,361,119 | € 425,680 | € 943,477 | € 661,638 |
| the Netherlands | € 420,667,263 | € 6,411,680,600 | € 9,008,828 | € 84,575,295 | € 873,804 | € 39,846,695 | € 394,575,308 | € 28,972,725 | € 69,470,129 | € 43,591,257 |
| Poland | € 457,606,139 | € 6,961,657,095 | € 9,452,137 | € 82,801,179 | € 1,171,629 | € 26,243,313 | € 992,691,706 | € 19,081,640 | € 72,888,639 | € 23,907,690 |
| Portugal | € 144,471,499 | € 2,203,603,758 | € 3,037,311 | € 29,346,513 | € 528,244 | € 14,309,316 | € 255,357,449 | € 10,404,373 | € 23,421,739 | € 10,479,779 |
| Romania | € 184,060,570 | € 2,790,833,829 | € 3,800,679 | € 32,858,172 | € 498,677 | € 7,800,822 | € 458,219,793 | € 5,672,015 | € 29,308,327 | € 8,296,996 |
| Slovakia | € 77,460,017 | € 1,175,647,445 | € 1,530,512 | € 13,731,533 | € 148,479 | € 4,828,094 | € 136,980,343 | € 3,510,531 | € 11,802,295 | € 9,778,602 |
| Slovenia | € 33,210,579 | € 506,653,683 | € 650,272 | € 5,096,618 | € 88,633 | € 6,988,227 | € 55,914,570 | € 5,081,174 | € 5,014,468 | € 4,296,797 |
| Spain | € 840,297,605 | € 12,827,278,745 | € 18,453,656 | € 138,875,274 | € 2,753,774 | € 62,327,019 | € 1,048,621,553 | € 45,318,277 | € 142,302,406 | € 31,817,919 |
| Sweden | € 252,752,260 | € 3,857,134,138 | € 5,113,674 | € 39,681,811 | € 464,728 | € 18,980,390 | € 198,227,073 | € 13,800,733 | € 39,433,274 | € 18,845,534 |
| United Kingdom | € 1,538,679,076 | € 23,513,328,407 | € 32,438,565 | € 271,550,933 | € 3,920,836 | € 111,111,733 | € 1,548,769,812 | € 80,789,878 | € 250,144,786 | € 112,499,848 |
| Total | € 9,587,571,420 | € 146,178,556,566 | € 199,339,876 | € 1,743,332,686 | € 24,610,041 | € 834,741,170 | € 15,416,057,989 | € 606,944,344 | € 1,537,177,463 | € 847,975,932 |
| Country | Cryptorchidism | Assisted reproductive technology |
Low testosterone- induced early mortality |
Fibroids | Endometriosis | Total (before accounting for probability of causation) | Total (after accounting for probability of causation) | % GDP | Cost per capita, € |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria | € 2,417,333 | € 153,452,307 | € 113,500,763 | € 3,484,157 | € 26,717,649 | € 3,363,673,122 | € 2,874,928,346 | 1.08% | 343 |
| Belgium | € 3,680,655 | € 87,742,555 | € 168,484,239 | € 4,059,103 | € 31,072,568 | € 5,103,353,787 | € 4,361,831,821 | 1.32% | 400 |
| Bulgaria | € 741,888 | € 133,659,875 | € 217,087,827 | € 1,021,780 | € 8,109,474 | € 1,510,673,128 | € 1,291,170,943 | 1.56% | 171 |
| Croatia | € 608,785 | a | € 97,246,170 | € 792,830 | € 6,054,072 | € 1,037,920,281 | € 887,109,516 | 1.39% | 201 |
| Cyprus | € 222,438 | a | € 9,871,143 | € 291,515 | € 2,362,613 | € 301,400,214 | € 257,606,487 | 1.20% | 233 |
| Czech Republic | € 2,242,172 | € 110,747,866 | € 230,138,669 | € 2,674,149 | € 21,908,503 | € 3,426,325,115 | € 2,928,476,947 | 1.35% | 278 |
| Denmark | € 2,021,221 | € 41,430,280 | € 89,799,344 | € 2,163,016 | € 16,517,999 | € 2,667,051,283 | € 2,279,526,296 | 1.29% | 411 |
| Estonia | € 238,056 | € 15,810,248 | € 34,033,247 | € 271,982 | € 2,132,452 | € 374,925,664 | € 320,448,622 | 1.50% | 239 |
| Finland | € 1,650,831 | € 49,222,355 | € 96,278,892 | € 1,808,061 | € 13,534,842 | € 2,338,654,479 | € 1,998,845,848 | 1.27% | 373 |
| France | € 21,048,863 | € 490,225,873 | € 911,131,192 | € 16,676,199 | € 166,119,437 | € 30,009,297,745 | € 25,648,919,380 | 1.44% | 394 |
| Germany | € 19,612,485 | € 841,617,666 | € 1,154,884,577 | € 36,077,846 | € 225,556,846 | € 28,760,756,694 | € 24,581,792,484 | 1.00% | 301 |
| Greece | € 2,343,161 | € 105,442,866 | € 148,392,948 | € 3,077,791 | € 24,822,320 | € 3,550,894,577 | € 3,034,946,353 | 1.23% | 268 |
| Hungary | € 1,526,877 | € 81,451,884 | € 272,285,970 | € 2,085,162 | € 16,838,619 | € 2,393,201,217 | € 2,045,466,894 | 1.25% | 205 |
| Ireland | € 2,243,867 | € 50,774,130 | € 49,629,926 | € 2,016,420 | € 16,939,853 | € 3,051,225,187 | € 2,607,879,381 | 1.75% | 583 |
| Italy | € 13,701,056 | € 785,378,265 | € 761,262,535 | € 18,662,064 | € 146,003,504 | € 20,416,961,981 | € 17,450,358,761 | 1.11% | 289 |
| Latvia | € 276,266 | € 24,513,583 | € 56,256,708 | € 360,634 | € 2,768,583 | € 453,240,096 | € 387,383,897 | 1.37% | 173 |
| Lithuania | € 417,150 | € 82,118,157 | € 81,428,005 | € 607,233 | € 4,508,762 | € 782,220,977 | € 668,563,555 | 1.41% | 203 |
| Luxembourg | € 369,881 | a | € 6,274,862 | € 443,381 | € 3,511,401 | € 469,174,695 | € 401,003,184 | 1.23% | 791 |
| Malta | € 79,672 | € 2,357,141 | € 6,035,588 | € 109,790 | € 843,807 | € 117,537,510 | € 100,459,202 | 1.11% | 241 |
| the Netherlands | € 5,866,422 | € 194,833,360 | € 233,504,691 | € 6,832,430 | € 51,876,133 | € 7,996,174,939 | € 6,834,323,419 | 1.20% | 411 |
| Poland | € 6,155,099 | a | € 909,890,170 | € 8,189,650 | € 64,950,534 | € 9,636,686,621 | € 8,236,467,256 | 1.37% | 216 |
| Portugal | € 1,977,854 | € 63,958,781 | € 166,084,045 | € 2,746,572 | € 21,737,524 | € 2,951,464,756 | € 2,522,614,232 | 1.16% | 237 |
| Romania | € 2,474,949 | € 281,779,421 | € 539,300,178 | € 3,186,497 | € 26,208,342 | € 4,374,299,266 | € 3,738,709,588 | 1.46% | 174 |
| Slovakia | € 996,648 | € 40,988,960 | € 130,706,244 | € 1,355,626 | € 10,847,532 | € 1,620,312,859 | € 1,384,879,921 | 3.21% | 255 |
| Slovenia | € 423,448 | € 16,365,189 | € 36,061,381 | € 544,843 | € 4,292,432 | € 680,682,315 | € 581,778,553 | 0.58% | 284 |
| Spain | € 12,016,761 | € 590,471,638 | € 534,315,007 | € 15,208,873 | € 125,288,191 | € 16,435,346,696 | € 14,047,275,813 | 1.22% | 305 |
| Sweden | € 3,329,952 | € 75,804,018 | € 120,986,094 | € 3,496,078 | € 27,069,183 | € 4,675,118,939 | € 3,995,819,888 | 1.34% | 426 |
| United Kingdom | € 21,123,538 | € 374,944,603 | € 783,487,823 | € 24,881,563 | € 177,011,900 | € 28,844,683,301 | € 24,653,524,478 | 1.43% | 396 |
| Total | € 129,807,327 | € 4,714,114,146 | € 7,958,358,238 | € 163,125,243 | € 1,245,605,077 | € 191,187,317,516 | € 163,407,625,697 | 1.28% | 322 |
a
Data not available to evaluate phthalate-attributable ART costs in these countries.