Table 2. Dietary, anthropometric, and laboratory characteristics of participants.
| Variable | Prevalence, n (%) | ||
| Controls, n=412 | Cases not treated, n=302 | Cases treated, n=148 | |
| Alcohol consumption | |||
| None | 312 (75.7) | 218 (72.4) a | 99 (66.9) |
| 1-30 drinks/month | 82 (19.9) | 55 (18.3) | 38 (25.7) |
| >30 drinks/month | 18 (4.4) | 28 (9.3) | 11 (7.4) |
| Fruit consumption | |||
| ≤ 6 servings/week | 288 (70.1) | 212 (70.2) | 96 (65.3) |
| ≥ 7 serving/week | 123 (29.9) | 90 (29.8) | 51 (34.7) |
| Vegetable consumption | |||
| ≤ 6 servings/week | 280 (68.1) | 217 (71.9) | 83 (56.1) a |
| ≥ 7 servings/week | 131 (31.9) | 85 (28.1) | 65 (43.9) |
| Meat consumption | |||
| ≤ 3 servings/week | 293 (71.6) | 227 (75.2) | 122 (82.4) a |
| ≥ 4 servings/week | 116 (28.4) | 75 (24.8) | 26 (17.6) |
| Body mass index (BMI) | |||
| < 25 kg/m2 | 208 (50.5) | 109 (36.7) a | 42 (28.4) a |
| 25 kg/m2 - < 30 kg/m2 | 123 (29.9) | 108 (36.3) | 54 (36.5) |
| ≥ 30 kg/m2 | 81 (19.6) | 80 (27.0) | 52 (35.1) |
| Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) | |||
| < .9 (men)/< .85 (women) | 229 (55.9) | 139 (47.1) a | 55 (37.4) a |
| ≥ .9 (men)/> .85 (women) | 181 (44.1) | 156 (52.9) | 92 (62.6) |
| Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) | |||
| ≤ 5.6% | 318 (81.1) | 227 (80.2) | 99 (68.8) a |
| > 5.6 - < 6.5 % | 40 (10.2) | 36 (12.7) | 19 (13.2) |
| ≥ 6.5% | 34 (8.7) | 20 (7.1) | 26 (18.0) |
| Total cholesterol | |||
| < 5.0 mmol/L | 180 (45.9) | 105 (37.1) | 50 (34.7) a |
| 5.0 - < 6.2 mmol/L | 123 (31.4) | 105 (37.1) | 48 (33.3) |
| ≥ 6.2 mmol/L | 89 (22.7) | 73 (25.8) | 46 (32.0) |
a. P<.05 compared with controls, chi-square test or t-test (see Methods section).