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Still images of bacterial motility traces (lasting 1.5 seconds) of wild-type H. pylori vs. ΔtlpB vs. ΔtlpA vs. ΔtlpD before (panels in left column) and after exposure to a gradient of either 25 mM (panels in middle column) or 50 mM hydrochloric acid (panels in right column). The positions of the needle tips are marked in yellow.
