Table 1. Base case estimates, range, and distribution for model variables.

Variable	Base case value	Range	Distribution	Standard deviation	References
Probabilities
Oral vancomycin pulse/taper—cure	0.771	0.652–0.890	Beta	0.061	[8,49]
Oral vancomycin pulse/taper—relapse	0.568	0.408–0.727	Beta	0.081	[8,49]
Fidaxomicin—cure	0.812	0.719–0.904	Beta	0.047	[21–25,50,51]
Fidaxomicin—relapse	0.211	0.105–0.316	Beta	0.054	[21–25,50,51]
FMT colonoscopy—cure	0.894	0.852–0.937	Beta	0.022	[8,52–58]
FMT colonoscopy—relapse	0.022	0.001–0.043	Beta	0.011	[8,52–58]
FMT colonoscopy after second FMT—cure	0.563	0.319–0.806	Beta	0.124	[8,52,55–57]
FMT duodenal infusion—cure	0.795	0.723–0.867	Beta	0.037	[7,26,59,60]
FMT duodenal infusion—relapse	0.021	0.000–0.049	Beta	0.014	[7,26,59,60]
FMT duodenal infusion after second FMT—cure	0.750	0.326–1.174	Beta	0.217	[7,26]
FMT enema—cure	0.833	0.712–0.955	Beta	0.062	[61–63]
FMT enema—relapse	0.000	0.000–0.000	Beta	0.000	[61–63]
FMT enema after second FMT—cure	0.500	0.100–0.900	Beta	0.204	[61,63]
Severe uncomplicated CDI	0.180	0.115–0.246	Beta	0.033	[64]
Severe complicated CDI	0.012	0.011–0.013	Beta	0.001	[36,64]
Colectomy	0.318	0.293–0.344	Beta	0.013	[36,37]
Postcolectomy mortality	0.407	0.350–0.463	Beta	0.029	[37,65–67]
Adverse events of FMT colonoscopy	0.002	0.000–0.012	Beta	0.005	[27–29]
Adverse events of FMT duodenal infusion	0.0005	0.000–0.002	Beta	0.0007	[31]
Mortality from FMT colonoscopy	0.0003	0.0002–0.0003	Beta	0.00003	[28–30,68]
Mortality from FMT duodenal infusion	0.0002	0.000–0.0004	Beta	0.0001	[31]
Hospitalization for mild CDI	0.000	0.000–0.000	Beta	0.000	Expert opinion
Mortality from mild CDI	0.007	0.002–0.012	Beta	0.002	[69,70]
Mortality from severe uncomplicated CDI	0.339	0.221–0.457	Beta	0.060	[71]
Costsa
Oral vancomycin pulse/taperb	58	not varied			Local sources
Fidaxomicin (200 mg bid, 10 days)	1416	not varied			Local sources
Oral vancomycin (500 mg qid, 10 days)	50	not varied			Local sources
Intravenous metronidazole (500 mg tid, 10 days)	11	not varied			Local sources
Outpatient visit	43	not varied			Local sources
Donor and stool testing prior to FMT	825	not varied			NABM
Stool transplant preparation and traceability of samples	154	not varied			Local sources
Oral vancomycin (500 mg qid, 4 days) prior to FMT	20	not varied			Local sources
FMT delivery by colonoscopy	289	not varied			Local sources
FMT delivery by duodenal infusion	76	not varied			Local sources
FMT delivery by enema	5	not varied			Local sources
Follow-up outpatient visits	86	not varied			Local sources
Mean cost of hospitalization for mild-to-moderate CDI	2190	2099–2280	Gamma	45	[46]
Mean cost of hospitalization for severe CDI	8412	7725–9098	Gamma	343	[46]
Colectomy	719	not varied			CCAM
Adverse events of FMT colonoscopy	283	not varied			CCAM
Adverse events of FMT duodenal infusion	229	not varied			CCAM
Utilities
Severe CDI (complicated or uncomplicated)	0.600	0.505–0.695	Beta	0.156	[47]
Mild-to-moderate CDI	0.782	0.628–0.936	Beta	0.154	[48]
Postcolectomy	0.536	0.382–0.690	Beta	0.154	[72]
Adverse events of FMT colonoscopy or FMT duodenal infusion	0.770	0.670–0.920	Beta	0.154	[73]
Healthy	1
Death	0

Abbreviations: bid: twice daily; CCAM: French Common Classification of Medical Procedures; CDI: Clostridium difficile infection; FMT: fecal microbiota transplantation; NABM: French Nomenclature of Procedures in Laboratory Medicine; IV: intravenous; od: once daily; qid: 4 times daily; tid: 3 times daily.

^aCosts are reported as 2016 Euros.

^bOral vancomycin pulse/taper: oral vancomycin at 125 mg qid for 10 days, then 500 mg od every 2 days for 21 days.