Figure 1.

D10 is required to resist Gram-negative bacterial infection. The survival rates of wild-type (Canton^S, ▪), imd (⧫), spz^rm7 (●), D10¹ (▴), Relish^E20 (+) and imd; spz^rm7 (✴) flies after different types of infection are presented. From 100 to 200 adults, aged 2–4 d, were pricked with a needle previously dipped into one of the following: E. coli (A); M. luteus (B), Aspergillus fumigatus (C), or naturally infected by B. bassiana (D). The infected flies were incubated at 29°C and transferred to fresh vials every 3 d. All of the different mutants flies tested exhibited more than 80% survival 100 h after challenge by a clean injury (data not shown). Mutations in D10, Relish, and imd render adult flies highly susceptible to E. coli infection (A). Only flies carrying both the imd and spz mutation are sensitive to M. luteus infection (B). The spz gene is required to resist fungal infections (C and D).