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. 2017 Jan 20;7:1951. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01951

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Copyright © 2017 Boba, Kostyn, Kostyn, Wojtasik, Dziadas, Preisner, Szopa and Kulma.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Simplified phenolic compound biosynthesis pathway. DHQD, 3-dehydroquinate dehydratase; QD, quinate dehydrogenase; SD, shikimate dehydrogenase; EPSP, 3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase; SK, shikimate kinase; CS, chorismate synthase; CM, chorismate mutase; ICS, isochorismate synthase; IPL, isochorismate pyruvate lyase; PAL, phenylalanine ammonia lyase; C4H, cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase; 4CL, 4-coumarate-CoA ligase; CNL, cinnamate-CoA ligase; βk, β-ketothiolase; TE, thioesterase; BALD, benzaldehyde dehydrogenase; BBT, benzyl alcohol O-benzoyltransferase; BA2H, benzoic acid 2-hydroxylase; BSMT, benzoic acid/salicylic acid methyltransferase; COMT, caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase; VS, vanillin synthase; VD, vanillin dehydrogenase; HCT, hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:quinate/shikimate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase; CSE, caffeoyl shikimate esterase; C3H, 4-coumarate 3-hydroxylase; CCoAOMT, caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase; F5H, ferulate 5-hydroxylase; CCR, cinnamoyl-CoA reductase; CAD, cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase; LiP, lignin peroxidase; CHS, chalcone synthase; CHI, chalcone isomerase; F3H, flavanone 3-dioxygenase; FNS, flavone synthase; F3′H, flavonoid-3′-hydroxylase; F3′5′H, flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylase; DFR, dihydroflavonol reductase; LAR, leucoanthocyanidin reductase; LDOX, eucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase; ANR, anthocyanidin reductase; UGT, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase.