Table 1.

Effect of speech quality (human-directed versus puppy-directed), dogs' age and order of playback on dogs' behavioural reaction to speech sequences. Significant p-values are given in italics.

term	estimate	s.e.	χ2	d.f.	p-value
speech quality	−1.198	1.517	15.68	4	0.0035
dog's age	−1.860	1.938	29.79	4	<0.0001
playback order	−2.357	0.711	18.96	4	0.0008
speech × age	4.189	2.606	12.22	2	0.0022
speech × order	0.700	0.967	0.62	2	0.733
order × age	1.621	1.226	2.50	2	0.287
speech × order × age	−0.976	1.660	0.38	1	0.536