Mean (±s.e.) growth until maturity (G, equation (2.3)) in D. pulex. (a,b) Growth, in the 1st and two subsequent generations after being introduced to new thermal environments; 12°C (a) and 22°C (b), with n = 205 and n = 162 animals, respectively. The ancestors had reproduced asexually for 12–15 months at an original temperature (17°C) prior to 1st generation. (c,d) Growth for the different clones at 12°C (c) and 22°C (d).