Table 3. Volatile components of T. vulgaris oil identified by GC-MS (RI, retention indices in elution order from the DB-5 column; RT, comparison with pure standard retention time; MS, mass spectrometry).
| NO | Constituent | A. millefolium | C. aurantium | L. petersonii | R. graveolens | T. vulgaris | Identification method |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | α-Pinene | 15.49 | 1.10 | 0.95 | — | 2.84 | RI, RT, MS |
| 2 | Sabinene | 11.12 | 0.21 | — | — | — | RI, RT, MS |
| 3 | 1,8-Cineole | 9.37 | — | — | — | — | RI, RT, MS |
| 4 | 2,2-Dicyclohexylmalononitrile | 5.58 | — | — | — | — | RI, RT, MS |
| 5 | Camphene | — | — | — | — | 0.89 | RI, RT, MS |
| 6 | Camphor | 9.65 | — | — | — | — | RI, RT, MS |
| 7 | p-Mentha-2,8-dienol | — | 0.67 | — | — | — | RI, RT, MS |
| 8 | Limonene oxide | — | 2.29 | — | — | — | RI, RT, MS |
| 9 | Isopulegol | — | — | 8.14 | — | — | RI, RT, MS |
| 10 | β-Citronellal | — | — | 19.50 | — | — | RI, RT, MS |
| 11 | α-Terpineol | — | 0.31 | 2.07 | — | — | RI, RT, MS |
| 12 | 4-Terpineol | 4.81 | — | 5.17 | — | — | RI, RT, MS |
| 13 | (−)-Carveol | — | 1.75 | — | — | — | RI, RT, MS |
| 14 | (+)-Carvone | — | — | — | 2.46 | — | RI, RT, MS |
| 15 | Myrcene | — | 0.86 | 0.87 | 0.91 | RI, RT, MS | |
| 16 | Thymol | — | — | — | 23.34 | 40.04 | RI, RT, MS |
| 17 | Citral | — | 3.21 | 48.12 | — | — | RI, RT, MS |
| 18 | Geraniol | — | — | 4.64 | — | — | RI, RT, MS |
| 19 | Bornyl acetate | 5.88 | — | — | — | — | RI, RT, MS |
| 20 | Undecyl trichloroacetate | — | — | — | 18.52 | — | RI, RT, MS |
| 21 | α-Phellandrene | — | — | — | — | 1.20 | RI, RT, MS |
| 22 | Geranyl acetate | 2.39 | 0.65 | — | — | — | RI, RT, MS |
| 23 | β-Caryophyllene | 13.35 | — | — | — | 2.50 | RI, RT, MS |
| 24 | 2-Acetoxytetradecane | — | — | — | 6.98 | — | RI, RT, MS |
| 25 | β-Farnesene | 2.38 | — | — | — | — | RI, RT, MS |
| 26 | ρ-Cymene | 2.07 | — | 1.30 | 2.29 | 29.97 | RI, RT, MS |
| 27 | Germacrene D | 4.63 | — | — | — | — | RI, RT, MS |
| 28 | Limonene | 3.94 | 87.75 | — | — | 1.25 | RI, RT, MS |
| 29 | Decyl chloroformate | — | — | — | 3.01 | — | RI, RT, MS |
| 30 | Viridiflorene | — | — | 2.14 | — | — | RI, RT, MS |
| 31 | Dodecanoic acid | — | — | — | 1.25 | — | RI, RT, MS |
| 32 | γ-Terpinene | — | — | 1.29 | — | 8.17 | RI, RT, MS |
| 33 | Pivalic acid | — | — | — | 7.03 | — | RI, RT, MS |
| 34 | Methyltridecyl pentanoate | — | — | — | 16.18 | — | RI, RT, MS |
| 35 | Myristic acid | — | — | — | 3.48 | — | RI, RT, MS |
| 36 | Palmitic acid | — | — | — | 5.07 | — | RI, RT, MS |
| 37 | Terpinolene | — | — | — | — | 3.26 | RI, RT, MS |
| 38 | 5-(1-Bromo-1-methyl-ethyl)-2-methyl-cyclohexanol | — | — | 2.37 | — | — | RI, RT, MS |
| 39 | Methyl linolenate | — | — | — | 4.78 | — | RI, RT, MS |
| 40 | Linalool | 3.75 | 0.13 | 3.33 | — | 4.99 | RI, RT, MS |
| 41 | Carvacrol | — | — | — | — | 2.45 | RI, RT, MS |
| 42 | Caryophyllene oxide | — | — | — | — | 0.21 | RI, RT, MS |
| Major Grouped Compounds | |||||||
| Acid | — | — | — | 16.83 | — | ||
| Alkan | — | — | — | 6.98 | — | ||
| Ketone | — | — | 0.99 | — | — | ||
| Monoterpene alcohol | 8.56 | 2.86 | 28.69 | — | 4.99 | ||
| Monoterpene esters | 8.27 | 0.65 | — | 42.49 | — | ||
| Monoterpene ethers | 9.37 | — | — | — | — | ||
| Monoterpene hydrocarbons | 32.62 | 89.92 | 4.41 | 4.75 | 45.49 | ||
| Monoterpene phenol | — | — | — | 23.34 | 45.49 | ||
| Nitrile | 5.58 | — | — | — | — | ||
| Oxygenated monoterpens | 9.65 | 5.50 | 61.29 | — | — | ||
| Sesquiterpene alcohol | — | — | 2.37 | — | — | ||
| Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons | 20.36 | — | 2.14 | — | 2.71 | ||
| Total | 94.41 | 98.93 | 99.89 | 94.39 | 98.68 |