Figure 4. Nesfatin-1 antagonized MPP⁺-induced reduction in cell viability.

(A) Pre-incubation with nesfatin-1 (10⁻¹³ to 10⁻⁸ mol/L) antagonized MPP⁺-induced reduction in cell viability, as determined using MTT assay. (B,C) Pretreatment with nesfatin-1(10⁻⁹ mol/L) for 20 min significantly attenuated MPP⁺-induced nuclear hypercondensation, breakage, and anachromasis. Magnification × 100 and × 400. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM of six independent experiments. ^*P < 0.05 compared with the control. ^#P < 0.05 compared with the MPP⁺-treated group. (MPP⁺:1-methyl-4-phenylpyridillium ion, MTT:Methyl thiazolyltetrazolium).