Figure 5. Nesfatin-1 antagonized MPP⁺-induced apoptosis by attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction in MES23.5 cells.

(A,B) Pretreatment with nesfatin-1 (10⁻⁹ and 10⁻⁸ mol/L) for 20 min antagonized MPP⁺-induced collapse of the ΔΨm, as detected by flow cytometry. Data are presented as the percentage of control (which was set at 100%). (C,D,E,F) Pretreatment with nesfatin-1 (10⁻⁹ mol/L) prevented MPP⁺-induced cytochrome C release from the mitochondria into the cytoplasm. (G,H) MPP⁺-induced caspase-3 activation was abolished by pretreatment with nesfatin-1 (10⁻⁹ mol/L) for 20 min. Data are presented as the percentage of control (which was set at 100%). Data are presented as the mean ± SEM of six independent experiments. ^*P < 0.05 compared with the control. ^#P < 0.05 compared with the MPP⁺-treated group. Full-length blots are presented in Supplementary Figure S5. (MPP⁺:1-methyl-4-phenylpyridillium ion, ΔΨm: mitochondrial transmembrane potential).