Mutation of the ATP-binding site in torsinA abolishes the effects of torsinA. (A) HEK293 cells transfected with torsinA K108T and stained with a rabbit anti-torsinA antibody. (B) HEK293 cells were cotransfected with torsinA and the following constructs as indicated: GFP-DAT, GFP-D2DAR, GFP-β2AR, or the HA-tagged Kir6.2. TorsinA was stained with a rabbit anti-torsinA antibody, followed by a Texas red-conjugated anti-rabbit antibody (red), whereas the HA-Kir6.2 channel was stained with an HA monoclonal antibody followed by a FITC-conjugated secondary antibody (green).