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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nutr Cancer. 2016 Dec 5;69(1):146–153. doi: 10.1080/01635581.2017.1250924

Table 2.

Mean Serum Sex Steroid and Inflammatory Marker Levels and Mammographic Breast Density in the BEAN1 Study at Baseline and After 2 years in the Control and Intervention Arms, Stratified by Ethnicitya

Control Intervention
Baseline Final Change Baseline Final Change Pdietb Pethnicityc Pinteractiond
E1
(pg/mL)		 All 97 92 −4 90 88 4 0.84 0.44 0.83
Asian 98 90 −9 94 92 −6
Non-Asian 96 94 −1 87 85 11
E2
(pg/mL)		 All 150 136 −17 136 138 13 0.46 0.52 0.66
Asian 153 125 −33 135 141 1
Non-Asian 148 143 −6 137 136 20
SHBG
(nmol/L)		 All 58 59 0 57 56 −1 0.46 0.20 0.81
Asian 56 56 −1 51 54 3
Non-Asian 60 61 1 60 57 −3
Prog
(ng/mL)		 All 12 10 −2 11 10 −1 0.18 0.78 0.38
Asian 12 10 −2 12 11 −1
Non-Asian 11 10 −1 10 10 −1
IGF-1
(ng/ml)		 All 320 315 −2 322 327 6 0.03 0.16 0.05
Asian 332 321 −8 309 319 5
Non-Asian 312 311 2 331 332 7
IGFBP-3
(ng/ml)		 All 4284 4247 −26 4413 4379 0 0.02 0.22 0.16
Asian 4378 4313 −6 4367 4341 21
Non-Asian 4219 4203 −41 4444 4405 −14
IGF1:
IGFBP3		 All 0.28 0.28 0 0.27 0.28 0.01 0.38 0.36 0.23
Asian 0.28 0.28 −0.01 0.27 0.28 0.01
Non-Asian 0.27 0.27 0 0.28 0.28 0
CRP
(mg/L)		 All 2.3 2.1 −0.2 1.9 2.6 0.6 0.22 0.003 0.40
Asian 1.3 1.3 0 1.7 1.4 −0.3
Non-Asian 3.1 2.7 −0.3 2.1 3.4 1.2
IL-6
(pg/mL)		 All 1.4 1.3 0 1.1 1.2 0.1 0.15 0.18 0.85
Asian 1.1 1.2 0.1 0.9 1.0 0
Non-Asian 1.5 1.4 0 1.1 1.3 0.2
Adipo
(µg/mL)		 All 8.1 8.4 0.1 7.9 7.9 0 0.56 0.55 0.95
Asian 7.6 8.3 0.6 7.4 7.8 0.5
Non-Asian 8.5 8.5 −0.2 8.2 8.0 −0.3
Leptin
(ng/mL)		 All 19.1 21.0 2.0 19.4 19.2 0.3 0.32 0.001 0.23
Asian 12.6 14.7 2.5 17.1 16.6 −0.7
Non-Asian 23.5 25.3 1.6 21.0 20.9 1.0
Breast
density
(%)		 All 48 43 −4 46 41 −3 0.63 0.50 0.93
Asian 50 45 −5 48 41 −4
Non-Asian 47 42 −4 44 40 −2
a

Abbreviations: E1: estrone; E2: estradiol; SHBG: sex hormone-binding globulin; Prog: progesterone; IGF-1: insulin-like growth factor 1; IGFBP3: insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3; CRP: C-reactive protein; IL-6: interleukin 6; Adipo: adiponectin.

b

P-values were obtained from mixed general linear models evaluating the difference between the low and high soy diet.

c

P-values for ethnicity as a fixed effect.

d

P-values represent interaction terms of ethnicity with dietary assignment, i.e., low soy diet vs. high soy diet.