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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jan 20.
Published in final edited form as: Biol Res Nurs. 2014 Mar 4;16(4):448–455. doi: 10.1177/1099800414522689

Table 1.

Internal and External Exposures That Influence Telomere Length.

Modifiable Nonmodifiable
Internal
  exposures
Oxidative stress
Inflammation
Body morphology
Physiologic
  comorbidities
Physical activity
Psychological and mental
  health
Perceived stress
Chronological age
Endogenous circulating
  hormones
Genetic predisposition
External
  exposures
Lifestyle factors
Dietary intake
Smoking
Alcohol consumption
Occupation
Sleep deprivation
Environmental pollutants
Chemical contaminants
Radiation
Infectious agents
Climate