TABLE 3.
Injuries, diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, and outcomes of injured bicyclists based on alcohol use
| No Alcohol Use n=585 |
Alcohol Use n=104 |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| % (n) | 95% CI | % (n) | 95% CI | |
|
| ||||
| Injuries | ||||
|
| ||||
| LOC1 | 30.4 (165) | 26.5,34.4 | 66.3 (57) | 55.3,76.1 |
|
| ||||
| GCS2 | ||||
| GCS=15 | 93.3 (532) | 91.0,95.2 | 74.0 (74) | 64.3,82.3 |
| GCS=13–14 | 5.4 (31) | 3.7,7.6 | 17.0 (17) | 10.2,25.8 |
| GCS=9–12 | 0.2 (1) | 0.0,1.0 | 2.0 (2) | 0.2,7.0 |
| GCS=<9 | 1.1 (6) | 0.4,2.3 | 7.0 (7) | 2.9,13.9 |
|
| ||||
| ISS | ||||
| No Injury, ISS=0 | 9.1 (53) | 6.9,11.7 | 1.9 (2) | 0.2,6.8 |
| Mild, ISS=1–8 | 71.5 (418) | 67.6,75.1 | 67.3 (70) | 57.4,76.2 |
| Moderate, ISS=9–15 | 14.7 (86) | 11.9,17.8 | 15.4 (16) | 9.1,23.8 |
| Severe, ISS=16–24 | 2.7 (16) | 1.6,4.4 | 6.7 (7) | 2.8,13.4 |
| Critical, ISS≥25 | 2.1 (12) | 1.1,3.6 | 8.7 (9) | 4.0,15.8 |
|
| ||||
| Head and Neck AIS≥1 | 7.7 (45) | 5.7,10.2 | 20.2 (21) | 13.0,29.2 |
|
| ||||
| Face AIS≥1 | 11.5 (67) | 9.0,14.3 | 32.7 (34) | 23.8,42.6 |
|
| ||||
| Chest AIS≥1 | 2.9 (17) | 1.7,4.6 | 6.7 (7) | 2.8,13.4 |
|
| ||||
| Abdomen AIS≥1 | 2.1 (12) | 1.1,3.6 | 8.7 (9) | 4.0,15.8 |
|
| ||||
| Extremity AIS≥1 | 26.7 (156) | 23.1,30.5 | 26.0 (27) | 17.9,35.5 |
|
| ||||
| External AIS≥1 | 86.0 (503) | 82.9,88.7 | 95.2 (99) | 89.1,98.4 |
|
| ||||
| Initial CT Imaging | ||||
|
| ||||
| Any CT Scan Performed | 51.5 (301) | 47.3,55.6 | 79.8 (83) | 70.8,87.0 |
|
| ||||
| CT Head Performed | 44.1 (258) | 40.0,48.2 | 76.9 (80) | 67.6,84.6 |
|
| ||||
| CT Cervical Spine Performed | 40.0 (234) | 36.0,44.1 | 68.3 (71) | 58.4,77.1 |
|
| ||||
| CT Chest Performed | 11.8 (69) | 9.3,14.7 | 33.7 (35) | 24.7,43.6 |
|
| ||||
| CT Abdomen/Pelvis Performed | 14.2 (83) | 11.5,17.3 | 38.5 (40) | 29.1,48.5 |
|
| ||||
| Injury on Head CT | 13.5 (35) | 9.6,18.2 | 20.5 (16) | 12.2,31.2 |
|
| ||||
| Interventions | ||||
|
| ||||
| Required intubation | 1.7 (10) | 0.8,3.1 | 7.7 (8) | 3.4,14.6 |
|
| ||||
| Required Surgery | 8.7 (51) | 6.6,11.3 | 17.3 (18) | 10.6,26.0 |
|
| ||||
| Required Tracheostomy | 0.9 (5) | 0.3,2.0 | 2.9 (3) | 0.6,8.2 |
|
| ||||
| Required ICP Monitor | 1.5 (4) | 0.4,3.9 | 6.4 (5) | 2.1,14.3 |
|
| ||||
| Required Craniotomy | 1.2 (3) | 0.2,3.3 | 1.3 (1) | 0.0,7.0 |
|
| ||||
| Hospital Course | ||||
|
| ||||
| Hospital Admission3 | 23.3 (136) | 19.9,26.9 | 50.0 (52) | 40.0,60.0 |
|
| ||||
| Required ICU Admission | 13.3 (78) | 10.7,16.4 | 30.1 (32) | 22.1,40.6 |
|
| ||||
| LOS of Admission (days) | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 1.2 (4.7) | 0.8,1.5 | 2.6 (6.8) | 1.3,3.9 |
|
| ||||
| Disposition | ||||
| Home | 96.2 (563) | 94.4,97.6 | 90.4 (94) | 83.0,95.3 |
| Rehab Facility | 3.3 (19) | 2.0,5.0 | 4.8 (5) | 1.6,10.9 |
| Other | 0.5 (3) | 0.1,1.5 | 4.8 (5) | 1.6,10.9 |
|
| ||||
| Mortality | 0.0 (0) | 0.0,0.6 | 2.9 (3) | 0.6,8.2 |
CI calculated using exact binomial method.
1
Seventy unknowns excluded;
2
Nineteen unknowns excluded;
3
One patient who died in Emergency Department excluded
CI (confidence interval); LOC (loss of consciousness); GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale); SD (standard deviation); ISS (Injury Severity Score); AIS (Abbreviated Injury Scale); ICP (intracranial pressure); ICU (intensive care unit); LOS (length of stay)