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Permanganate footprints of E. coli (Eco), D. radiodurans (Dra), and T. aquaticus (Taq) RNAPs and hybrid holoenzymes on the nontemplate strand of lacUV5 promoter at 20, 45, and 65°C. Arrows with numbers indicate the positions of hyperreactive thymine residues relative to the starting point of transcription. M lanes are A+G cleavage markers.
