Figure 6.

XHA prevents bone marrow–derived dendritic cell (BMDC) maturation in response to LPS. BMDC were treated with LPS for 24 hours in the setting of a 1% coating of XHA or soluble LMW-HA. Representative histograms showing the change in cell surface markers including (A) I-A/I-E, (B) CD14, (C) CD62L (D) CD80, and (E) CD86 after treatment with XHA and controls. (F) Fold change in MFI for the same markers as in A–E. This figure includes data from three independent experiments. Representative appearance of BMDC cultured in the setting of (G) PBS, (H) LPS, (I) LPS and XHA, or (J) LPS and LMW-HA. (K) Proliferation in response to OVA, as measured by carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) dye dilution, for CD4⁺T491 cells isolated from animals immunized previously with OVA and cultured for 72 hours with BMDC cultured previously for 24 hours with LPS ± XHA or LMW-HA. Western blot for the p65 subunit of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) for (L) whole cell lysates or (M) the corresponding cytosolic (C) and nuclear (N) fractions of dendritic cells, treated with PBS or LPS ± XHA. (N) Ratios of C to N NF-κB in lysates for three independent experiments. *P < 0.05 by Student’s t test. SE is shown.