Table 2.
Estimated odds ratios (OR) of patients receiving a prescription within 4 months of primary hip fracture within the Clinical Practice Research Datalink, 1999-2013, UK
| Complete case analysis N = 6,019 | Multiple Imputed data on BMI, smoking and drinking N=13,069 | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate | Multivariate | P value | Univariate N=13,069 | Multivariate | P value | |||||||||
| Characteristic | Number | % | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | % | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |||
| Region (ref: North West) | East Midlands | 256 | 4 | 0.94 | 0.70-1.26 | 1.00 | 0.73-1.37 | 0.990 | 6 | 0.76 | 0.62-0.92 | 0.81 | 0.66-1.00 | 0.053 |
| East of England | 854 | 14 | 0.93 | 0.77-1.13 | 0.86 | 0.70-1.07 | 0.179 | 10 | 0.83 | 0.71-0.97 | 0.89 | 0.75-1.06 | 0.203 | |
| London | 476 | 8 | 0.95 | 0.75-1.19 | 0.92 | 0.71-1.18 | 0.496 | 7 | 1.08 | 0.91-1.28 | 1.08 | 0.90-1.30 | 0.426 | |
| North East | 153 | 3 | 1.33 | 0.94-1.89 | 1.26 | 0.87-1.84 | 0.224 | 3 | 1.34 | 1.04-1.71 | 1.44 | 1.10-1.88 | 0.008 | |
| North West | 1,183 | 20 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 15 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| Northern Ireland | 5 | 1.19 | 0.98-1.44 | 1.18 | 0.96-1.45 | 0.125 | ||||||||
| Scotland | 5 | 0.94 | 0.77-1.14 | 0.91 | 0.74-1.12 | 0.381 | ||||||||
| South Central | 463 | 8 | 0.69 | 0.54-0.88 | 0.56 | 0.42-0.73 | <0.001 | 8 | 0.82 | 0.69-0.97 | 0.77 | 0.64-0.93 | 0.006 | |
| South East Coast | 598 | 10 | 0.87 | 0.70-1.07 | 0.82 | 0.64-1.04 | 0.098 | 10 | 0.98 | 0.84-1.15 | 0.99 | 0.84-1.18 | 0.926 | |
| South West | 916 | 15 | 0.93 | 0.77-1.12 | 0.91 | 0.74-1.11 | 0.353 | 10 | 0.90 | 0.76-1.05 | 0.93 | 0.78-1.10 | 0.395 | |
| Wales | 7 | 0.96 | 0.81-1.15 | 0.96 | 0.79-1.16 | 0.665 | ||||||||
| West Midlands | 746 | 12 | 0.90 | 0.74-1.10 | 0.88 | 0.70-1.09 | 0.228 | 8 | 0.90 | 0.76-1.07 | 0.91 | 0.76-1.09 | 0.298 | |
| Yorkshire & the Humber | 374 | 6 | 1.07 | 0.83-1.37 | 1.07 | 0.82-1.40 | 0.628 | 5 | 0.93 | 0.76-1.13 | 1.06 | 0.86-1.32 | 0.580 | |
| Calendar period of hip fracture | 1999-2004 | 2,170 | 36 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 44 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| 2005-2013 | 3,849 | 64 | 5.52 | 4.76-6.41 | 6.00 | 5.15-7.00 | <0.001 | 56 | 5.67 | 5.14-6.25 | 6.14 | 5.55-6.79 | <0.001 | |
| Gender | Female | 4,547 | 76 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 76 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Male | 1,472 | 24 | 0.46 | 0.40-0.53 | 0.42 | 0.36-0.50 | <0.001 | 24 | 0.50 | 0.45-0.55 | 0.43 | 0.39-0.49 | <0.001 | |
| Age at hip fracture (years) | 60-69 years | 537 | 9 | 0.76 | 0.62-0.93 | 0.86 | 0.69-1.08 | 0.206 | 9 | 0.85 | 0.74-0.98 | 0.95 | 0.81-1.11 | 0.520 |
| 70-79 years | 1,567 | 26 | 0.89 | 0.78-1.01 | 1.01 | 0.88-1.17 | 0.859 | 25 | 0.97 | 0.89-1.07 | 1.11 | 1.00-1.24 | 0.043 | |
| 80-89 years | 2,858 | 47 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 47 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| >90 years | 1,057 | 18 | 0.71 | 0.60-0.83 | 0.59 | 0.50-0.70 | <0.001 | 19 | 0.70 | 0.63-0.78 | 0.61 | 0.54-0.69 | <0.001 | |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) prior to hip fracture | 0.98 | 0.97-0.99 | 0.98 | 0.97-0.99 | 0.005 | 100 | 0.99 | 0.98-1.00 | 0.98 | 0.97-0.99 | 0.002 | |||
| Index of Multiple Deprivation quintile (ref=affluent) | 0.96 | 0.92-0.99 | 0.93 | 0.89-0.97 | 0.003 | |||||||||
| Smoking | Non-smoker | 3,614 | 60 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 61 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Current | 762 | 13 | 0.77 | 0.65-0.93 | 0.89 | 0.73-1.09 | 0.260 | 14 | 0.83 | 0.74-0.94 | 0.92 | 0.80-1.06 | 0.236 | |
| Ex-smoker | 1,643 | 27 | 1.00 | 0.88-1.13 | 1.00 | 0.87-1.16 | 0.970 | 25 | 1.14 | 1.04-1.25 | 1.03 | 0.93-1.14 | 0.573 | |
| Drinking | Current | 4,135 | 69 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 66 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Non-drinker | 1,683 | 28 | 1.04 | 0.92-1.18 | 0.95 | 0.83-1.09 | 0.494 | 31 | 1.01 | 0.92-1.10 | 0.92 | 0.83-1.02 | 0.121 | |
| Ex-drinker | 201 | 3 | 0.93 | 0.68-1.28 | 0.81 | 0.58-1.14 | 0.224 | 3 | 0.99 | 0.78-1.27 | 0.77 | 0.60-1.00 | 0.048 | |
| Charlson co-morbidity index (ref=0) | 0.99 | 0.96-1.02 | 0.95 | 0.92-0.99 | 0.004 | 100 | 1.01 | 0.98-1.03 | 0.95 | 0.93-0.98 | <0.001 | |||
| Co-morbid conditions | Hypertension | 3337 | 55 | 1.38 | 1.23-1.54 | 1.17 | 1.03-1.32 | 0.016 | 50 | 1.49 | 1.37-1.61 | 1.20 | 1.10-1.31 | <0.001 |
| Previous fractures | Spine fracture | 106 | 2 | 1.89 | 1.28-2.78 | 1.83 | 1.20-2.79 | 0.005 | 1 | 2.32 | 1.72-3.13 | 2.15 | 1.55-2.98 | <0.001 |
| Humerus fracture | 29 | <1 | 2.19 | 1.06-4.55 | 2.90 | 1.32-6.37 | 0.008 | 1 | 1.98 | 1.22-3.22 | 2.15 | 1.28-3.64 | 0.004 | |
| Other non-hip fracture | 350 | 6 | 1.38 | 1.10-1.72 | 1.41 | 1.10-1.80 | 0.006 | 5 | 1.44 | 1.22-1.69 | 1.36 | 1.14-1.62 | 0.001 | |
Legend: Odds Ratios (OR) shown for complete case and multiply imputed univariate and mutually adjusted Cox models.