Table 2. Comparison of taxonomic data on Siphonaptera and their host orders represented in Iran with the counterpart ones in the world [5, 63].

Family	Distribution (region)	Subfamily		Genera		Species / Subspecies		Major host
		World	Iran	World	Iran	World	Iran	World	Iran
Ceratophyllidae	Cosmopolitan but predominantly Holarctic	2	1	44	6	403	33	Primarily rodents, occasionally viverrids, mustelids, birds, and a single species on an insectivore (Siberian mole)	Rodentia (71.05%) Birds (10.53%), Insectivora (7.89%), Carnivora (5.26%) and Lagomorpha (5.26%)
Coptopsyllidae	Palearctic	0	0	1	1	19	9	Rodents (gerbils and their allies)	Rodentia (90.91%) and Carnivora (9.09%)
Ctenophthalmidae	Primarily Holarctic, and Afrotropical some in southern hemisphere	9	6	42	7	548	20	Rodents, occasionally pikas, insectivores (shrews and moles), marsupials, and a single species on mustelids	Rodentia (75.86%), Insectivora (17.24%) and Carnivora (6.9%)
Ischnopsyllidae	Cosmopolitan	2	1	20	3	122	6	Chiroptera	Chiroptera (100%)
Leptopsyllidae	Palearctic, Nearctic, Oriental, a few species in Australian or Ethiopian regions	*2	*3	29	10	230	24	Rodents, lagomorphs (hares, rabbits, pikas), insectivores, and rarely elephant shrews and foxes	Rodentia (80.95%), Insectivora (9.52%), Lagomorpha (4.76%) Carnivora (4.76%)
Pulicidae (includes erroneously tungid flea)	Cosmopolitan	6	3	27	7	182	21	Very broad host range, including carnivores, ungulates, bats, edentales (armadillos), and occasionally birds (Cariama spp).	Rodentia (52.63%), Ungulates (5.26%), Carnivora (24.56%), Artiodactyla (1.75%), Insectivora (3.51%), Birds (3.51%), Chiroptera (1.75%), Primates (1.75%) and Lagomorpha (5.26%)
Vermipsyllidae	Holarctic	0	0	3	1	39	4	Carnivores and ungulates	Carnivora (100%)
Total		21	14	166	35	1543	117

* Altough Leptopsyllidae further classified as subfamilies Amphipsyllinae and Leptopsyllinae and the tribes Amphipsyllini and Leptopsyllini [64] but Klein (1963) was regarded Mesopsyllinae as third subfamily in the Leptopsyllidae of Iran [21].