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. 2017 Jan 9;11(1):e0005260. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005260

Table 3. Common mammal hosts in Iran and their flea diversity at the family and subfamily levels.

Host Typical habitat (sub-) family Total flea (sub-) families per host
Ce Co An Ct Do Ne Rh St Am Le Me Ar Pu Xe Ve
Acomys dimidiatus semi-arid or dry habitats - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - 1
Allactaga elater deserts and semideserts - - - - - - - - 1 - 1 - - 1 - 3
Allactaga williamsi steppe regions with sparse vegetation 1 - - 1 - - - - 1 - 1 - - 1 - 5
Apodemus mystacinus forest with rocky areas - - - 1 1 - - - 1 1 - - - - - 4
Apodemus sylvaticus wide variety of semi-natural habitats - - - 1 - - - - - 1 - - - - - 2
Bos Taurus rangelands - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 - 2
Calomyscus bailwardi barren, dry and rocky mountainsides 1 1 1 - - - - 1 1 1 - - - 1 - 7
Canis aureus dry habitats - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 - - 2
Canis lupus spp. arid desert regions to dense scrub forests - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - 1 - 2
Canis lupus familiaris northern habitats with sufficient prey - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 - - 2
Canis lupus pallipes northern habitats with sufficient prey - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 - - 2
Capra hircus rangelands - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 1 - 3
Citellus fulvus deserts and semi-deserts 1 - - - - 1 - 1 - - - - - 1 - 4
Cricetulus migratorius arid or semi-arid regions 1 1 1 1 - 1 1 - 1 - 1 - - 1 - 9
Crocidura leucodon moist mountainous regions 1 - - 1 - - - - - 1 - - - - - 3
Crocidura suaveolens arid areas with moist vegetation 1 - - 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - 3
Dryomys nitedula broad variety of woodlands 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1
Ellobius fuscocapillus open steppes habitat with loose soil 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - 2
Felis catus cosmopolitan domestic species - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - 1
Felis silvestris areas with rocks and tall trees - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - 1
Gerbillus cheesmani sandy soils and mud flats 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - 2
Gerbillus dasyurus desert, semi-desert, and rocky habitats - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - 1
Gerbillus nanus desert, semi-desert, arable land and gardens 1 1 - - - - - 1 - - - - - 1 - 4
Hemiechinus auritus dry steppes, semi-deserts and deserts 1 - - - - - - - 1 - - 1 1 1 - 5
Hemiechinus megalotis mountainous areas - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - 1
Herpestes auropunctatus scrublands and dry forest - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 1 - 3
Herpestes edwardsii thickets, cultivated fields or broken, bushy vegetation - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - 1
Homo sapiens passim - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - 1
Hyaena hyaena arid to semi-arid environments - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 1 1 4
Hystrix indica broad range of habitats - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - 1
Jaculus blanfordi desert with clay soil 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - 2
Jaculus Jaculus sandy or rocky deserts 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - 2
Lepus capensis Shrubs to open habitats 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - 2
Lepus europaeus open fields and pastures - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - 1
Meles meles woodlands 1 1 - - - - - 1 - - - 1 1 1 1 7
Meriones crassus dry habitats in sandy deserts 1 1 - - - - - 1 - - - - - 1 - 4
Meriones hurrianae sandy plains with higher density of bushes - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - 1
Meriones libycus arid or semi-arid regions 1 1 - 1 - - 1 1 1 - 1 - 1 1 - 9
Meriones meridianus sand deserts 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - 3
Meriones persicus arid, rocky, mountainous region 1 1 1 1 - 1 1 1 1 - 1 - 1 1 - 11
Meriones tristrami steppe and semi-desert habitats 1 - - 1 - - 1 1 - - 1 - - 1 - 6
Meriones vinogradovi semi desert, bare mountains and wastelands 1 1 - 1 - - 1 1 1 - 1 - - 1 - 8
Mesocricetus auratus arable fields with annual crops 1 - 1 1 - - 1 - 1 - - - - 1 - 6
Microtus arvalis moist meadows, moist and forest steppe, agricultural areas 1 - - 1 - - - - 1 - - - - 1 - 4
Microtus irani mountainous ranges 1 - - 1 - - 1 - 1 - - - - 1 - 5
Microtus nivalis mountainous ranges 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1
Microtus socialis steppe habitats 1 - - 1 - - 1 - 1 - - - 1 - 5
Mus musculus cosmopolitan domestic species 1 - 1 1 - - 1 - 1 1 - - - 1 - 7
Mustela nivalis wide range of habitats - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - 1
Nesokia indica dry deciduous forests, scrublands, grasslands, arable land, pastures, plantations 1 - 1 1 - - - - - - - - - 1 - 4
Ochotona rufescens mountainous regions 1 - - - - - - - 1 - - - - 1 - 3
Ovis aries cosmopolitan domestic species - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 1 - 3
Pantera pardus wide range of habitats - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - 1
Pipistrellus pipistrellus wide range of habitats (Gorgan city, Golestan Province) - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - 1
Pitymys majori mixed forests - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - 1
Rattus norvegicus lowland and coastal regions 1 - - - - - - - 1 1 - 1 - 1 - 5
Rattus rattus natural and semi-natural habitats 1 - - - - - - - - 1 — 1 1 1 - 5
Rhombomys opimus desert to semi-desert habitats 1 1 - - - - - 1 - - - - 1 1 - 5
Sorex minutes wide variety of habitats - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - 1
Sus scrofa a wide variety of temperate and tropical habitats - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - 1
Talpa caeca deciduous woodland, meadows and pastures in hilly or mountainous areas - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - 1
Talpa europaea deep soils - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - 1
Tatera indica arid habitats 1 1 - - - - - 1 - - 1 1 - 1 - 6
Vulpes rueppellii sand and stony deserts - - - - - - - - - - 1 - 1 - 2
Vulpes vulpes tundra, desert and forest, as well as in city centres 1 - - 1 - - - - 1 - 1 1 1 1 1 8
Total host/flea (sub-) families 37 11 6 20 3 3 9 12 17 7 9 20 19 43 3 215 219

Ce Ceratophyllinae, Co Coptopsyllidae, An Anomiopsyllinae, Ct Ctenophthalminae, Do Doratopsyllinae, Ne Neopsyllinae, Rh Rhadinopsyllinae, St Stenoponiinae, Am Amphipsyllinae, Le Leptopsyllinae, Me Mesopsyllinae, Ar Archaeopsyllinae, Pu Pulicinae, Xe Xenopsyllinae and Ve Vermipsyllidae