Table 2.

Clusters of markers used together for the detection of OA.

Cluster of markers of pre-ROA* [121]

Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-7

Soluble vascular adhesion protein (sVAP)-1

Interleukin (IL)-15

Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1

MMP-2

D-dimers (DD)5 and DD6

Eotaxin-2 (Eot-2)

Intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1)

P-selectin

Cluster of markers of early ROA [121]

B-lymphocyte chemokine (BLC)

6-chemokine (6Ckine)

Macrophage inhibitory protein (MIP)1α

IL-1α

IL-2

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-7

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein-2

Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF)

Neurotrophin-4 (NT-4)

ICAM-3

Vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin

Cluster of markers of ROA and other indications [119]

uCTX-1;u-CTX-II;OC;Glc-Gal-PYD Bone turnover

HsCRP; high BMI Inflammation

^*ROA: radiographic OA.