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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2016 Nov 16;153(2):342–357. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.09.087

Figure 4. GSK-3 β inhibition Increases Vessel Density in Ischemic and Non-Ischemic Myocardial Tissue.

Figure 4

Figure 4

A. Ischemic Myocardium: Arteriolar cell density staining for smooth muscle actin (SMA) with SMA specific antibody in tissue sections. Capillary cell density staining for endothelial marker CD31 with CD31 specific antibody in tissue sections. The bar diagrams show significant increases arteriolar and capillary density in GSK-3 β I group compared to control. B. Non-Ischemic Myocardium: Arteriolar cell density staining for smooth muscle actin (SMA) with SMA specific antibody in tissue sections. Capillary cell density staining for endothelial marker CD31 with CD31 specific antibody in tissue sections. The bar diagrams show significant increases arteriolar and capillary density in GSK-3 β I group compared to control. C. Ischemic Myocardium: Representative images in 20XHPF: CD31 is red. SMA is green. D: Non-Ischemic Myocardium: Representative images in 20XHPF: CD31 is red. SMA is green HCC- High Cholesterol Control, GSK-3βI- GSK-3βI Inhibition, *= p<0.05 by Mann-Whitney U-test