. 2016 Sep 23;21(1):31–43. doi: 10.1007/s40291-016-0234-z

Table 3.

Fourteen miRNAs dysregulated in experimental animal models of AMD, and in AMD patient tissue

miRNA	Experimental AMD models					Patient
miRNA	Strand	FC^d	Tissue	Manipulation^c	Source	Strand	FC^d	Tissue	Source
miR-106a	mmu-miR-106a^a	+	Mouse retina	OIR	[90]	hsa-miR-106a-5p	3.45	Plasma	[103]
miR-106b	hsa-miR-106b-5p	0.11	ARPE-19 cells	Oxidative stress	[82]	hsa-miR-106b-5p	−1.5	Plasma	[57]
miR-106b						hsa-miR-106b-5p	−0.23	VH	[57]
miR-125b	hsa-miR-125b-5p	+	ARPE-19 cells	Oxidative stress	[82]	hsa-miR-125b^a	+	Retina	[56]
miR-125b	mmu-miR-125b-5p	2.07	Mouse retina	OIR	[75]
miR-146a	hsa-miR-146a^a	+	Human RPE	Chronic oxidative stress	[73]	hsa-miR-146a-5p	2.5	Plasma	[57]
	mmu-miR-146a-5p	3.02	Mouse retina	Selective Müller cell ablation	[74]	hsa-miR-146a^a	2.1	Retina	[56]
	hsa-miR-146a^a	+	Human RPE	treatment with pro-inf cytokines	[71]	hsa-miR-146a-5p	3.02	VH	[57]
	mmu-miR-146a-5p	0.3	Mouse retina	OIR	[75]
miR-155	mmu-miR-155-5p	55.92	Rat retinas	Light induced retinal degeneration	[99]	hsa-miR-155^a	+	Retina, macula	[56]
	mmu-miR-155-5p	5.87	Mouse retina	OIR	[75]
	hsa-miR-155^a	+	Human RPE	Treatment with pro-inf cytokines	[113]
miR-17	hsa-miR-17-5p	+	ARPE-19 cells	Oxidative stress	[82]	hsa-miR-17-5p	2.77	Plasma	[103]
miR-17	mmu-miR-17-5p	3.16	Mouse retina	OIR	[75]
miR-184	mmu-miR-184^a	–	Mouse retina	OIR	[90]	hsa-miR-184^a	–	RPE culture	[89]
miR-21	hsa-miR-21^a	–	Human RPE	Chronic oxidative stress	[73]	hsa-miR-21-5p	−3.09	Plasma	[103]
miR-21	hsa-miR-21-5p	+	ARPE-19 cells	Oxidative stress	[82]
miR-223	hsa-miR-223-3p	+	ARPE-19 cells	Oxidative stress	[82]	hsa-miR-223-3p	1.65	Plasma	[103]
miR-223	mmu-miR-223-3p	0.32	Mouse retina	OIR	[75]
miR-23a	hsa-miR-23a-3p	+	ARPE-19 cells	Oxidative stress	[82]	hsa-miR-23a^a	–	Macular RPE	[104]
miR-23a	mmu-miR-23a-3p	0.16	Mouse retina	OIR	[75]
miR-29a	hsa-miR-29a^a	+	Human RPE	Chronic oxidative stress	[73]	hsa-miR-29a-3p	o.p.^b	Plasma	[103]
miR-29a	hsa-miR-29b-3p	0.05	ARPE-19 cells	Oxidative stress	[82]
miR-342-3p	mmu-miR-342-3p	0.47	Mouse retina	OIR	[75]	hsa-miR-342-3p	o.p. ^b	Plasma	[103]
miR-374a	hsa-miR-374a-5p	0.1	ARPE-19 cells	Oxidative stress	[82]	hsa-miR-374a-5p	−12.92	Plasma	[103]
miR-424	mmu-miR-424^a	+	Mouse retina	OIR	[90]	hsa-miR-424-5p	−0.338	Plasma	[51]
miR-424						hsa-miR-424-5p	3.97; 3.28	Serum	[52]

FC fold change, AMD age-related macular degeneration, miRNA micro RNA, GA AMD graphic atrophy AMD, RPE retinal pigment epithelium, OIR oxygen-induced retinopathy, VH vitreous humor, pro-inf pro-inflammatory, ARPE-19 adult retinal pigment epithelium cell line

^aMature miRNA strand unknown/not mentioned

^bo.p.: miRNA was only expressed in the patient group

^cOxidative stress was induced using H₂O₂ [82] or Paraquat [73]

^dA “+” indicates miRNA upregulated/higher levels and “−” indicates miRNA downregulated/lower levels