Table 2.
Subgroup analyses of the standard mean differences (SMDs) for proteinuria and the creatinine clearance rate (CCR) following any or high-dose omega-3 fatty acid supplementation compared with no or low-dose omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, respectively.
| Outcomes | Subgroup | SMD and 95% CI | p value | Heterogeneity (%) | p value for heterogeneity | p value for heterogeneity between subgroups |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proteinuria | Country | |||||
| USA or Australia | -0.36 (-0.64 to -0.09) | 0.008 | 0.0 | 0.439 | 0.395 | |
| Europe | -0.38 (-0.80 to 0.04) | 0.077 | 0.0 | 0.448 | ||
| Asia | 0.09 (-0.53 to 0.70) | 0.784 | - | - | ||
| Mean age (years) | ||||||
| 40 or more | -0.21 (-0.48 to 0.07) | 0.144 | 0.0 | 0.551 | 0.233 | |
| <40 | -0.47 (-0.80 to -0.14) | 0.006 | 0.0 | 0.402 | ||
| Percentage male | ||||||
| 60 or more | -0.33 (-0.57 to -0.09) | 0.007 | 8.8 | 0.362 | 0.520 | |
| <60 | -0.11 (-0.76 to 0.54) | 0.736 | 0.0 | 0.624 | ||
| Current disease status | ||||||
| IgA nephropathy | -0.43 (-0.70 to -0.17) | 0.001 | 0.0 | 0.617 | 0.118 | |
| Other | -0.07 (-0.44 to 0.29) | 0.693 | 0.0 | 0.538 | ||
| Duration of the follow-up period (months) | ||||||
| 24 or more | -0.33 (-0.62 to -0.04) | 0.026 | 6.1 | 0.372 | 0.749 | |
| <24 | -0.27 (-0.61 to 0.07) | 0.120 | 0.0 | 0.412 | ||
| Study quality (Jadad score) | ||||||
| 4 or 5 | -0.36 (-0.64 to -0.09) | 0.008 | 0.0 | 0.439 | 0.548 | |
| <4 | -0.23 (-0.58 to 0.12) | 0.197 | 3.4 | 0.376 | ||
| CCR | Country | |||||
| USA or Australia | 0.07 (-0.39 to 0.53) | 0.767 | 31.9 | 0.230 | 0.164 | |
| Europe | -0.34 (-1.76 to 1.07) | 0.633 | 85.9 | 0.008 | ||
| Asia | 1.44 (-1.59 to 4.47) | 0.352 | 94.0 | <0.001 | ||
| Mean age (years) | ||||||
| 40 or more | -0.06 (-0.57 to 0.44) | 0.806 | 63.6 | 0.027 | 0.141 | |
| <40 | 1.40 (-1.70 to 4.51) | 0.375 | 94.2 | <0.001 | ||
| Percentage male | ||||||
| 60 or more | -0.06 (-0.57 to 0.44) | 0.806 | 63.6 | 0.027 | 0.141 | |
| <60 | 1.40 (-1.70 to 4.51) | 0.375 | 94.2 | <0.001 | ||
| Current disease status | ||||||
| IgA nephropathy | 0.44 (-0.80 to 1.67) | 0.488 | 89.1 | <0.001 | 0.918 | |
| Other | 0.09 (-0.34 to 0.52) | 0.680 | 26.6 | 0.256 | ||
| Duration of the follow-up period (months) | ||||||
| 24 or more | -0.37 (-0.97 to 0.23) | 0.224 | 56.5 | 0.100 | 0.005 | |
| <24 | 0.76 (-0.19 to 1.72) | 0.116 | 83.3 | <0.001 | ||
| Study quality (Jadad score) | ||||||
| 4 or 5 | 0.07 (-0.39 to 0.53) | 0.767 | 31.9 | 0.230 | 0.962 | |
| <4 | 0.45 (-0.76 to 1.67) | 0.464 | 89.0 | <0.001 | ||
| eGFR | Country | |||||
| USA or Australia | 0.11 (-0.17 to 0.39) | 0.451 | 7.4 | 0.356 | 0.708 | |
| Europe | 0.22 (-0.43 to 0.86) | 0.510 | 57.2 | 0.097 | ||
| Mean age (years) | ||||||
| 40 or more | 0.20 (-0.23 to 0.64) | 0.363 | 48.7 | 0.099 | 0.631 | |
| <40 | 0.08 (-0.25 to 0.40) | 0.648 | 0.0 | 0.871 | ||
| Percentage male | ||||||
| 60 or more | 0.17 (-0.15 to 0.49) | 0.304 | 37.0 | 0.160 | 0.735 | |
| <60 | 0.03 (-0.62 to 0.68) | 0.927 | - | - | ||
| Current disease status | ||||||
| IgA nephropathy | 0.13 (-0.17 to 0.43) | 0.391 | 18.7 | 0.296 | 0.869 | |
| Other | 0.19 (-0.63 to 1.01) | 0.646 | 67.8 | 0.078 | ||
| Duration of the follow-up period (months) | ||||||
| 24 or more | 0.11 (-0.19 to 0.41) | 0.460 | 0.0 | 0.851 | 0.831 | |
| <24 | 0.18 (-0.37 to 0.73) | 0.515 | 61.0 | 0.053 | ||
| Study quality (Jadad score) | ||||||
| 4 or 5 | 0.11 (-0.17 to 0.39) | 0.451 | 7.4 | 0.356 | 0.708 | |
| <4 | 0.22 (-0.43 to 0.86) | 0.510 | 57.2 | 0.097 | ||