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Anaerobic incubations of periphyton showing the effect of nitrate (▴) on the anaerobic reduction of 1 mM As(V) (•) and oxidation of 1 mM As(III) (○). Incubation conditions were with 1 mM As(V) but without nitrate additions (A), with 1 mM As(V) plus 1 mM nitrate (B), and with 1 mM As(III) plus 1 mM nitrate (C). Symbols represent the means of three samples, and bars indicate ±1 standard deviation. The absence of bars indicates that the error was smaller than the symbols.
