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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Sci Total Environ. 2016 Nov 29;579:1179–1192. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.100

Table 1.

Summary of studies included in this review, by outcome.

Outcome Study Reference Study period Area Study type Sample size SO2 NO2 PM10 PM2.5 CO O3
BW 3 (Huang et al., 2015) 2006–2010 Beijing Cross-sectional 50,874 + −
BW 4 (Rich et al., 2015) 2007–2010 Beijing Cross-sectional 83,672 + − + +
BW 6 (Wang et al., 1997) 1988–1991 Beijing Prospective cohort 74,671 +
BW 13a (Zhao and Li, 2008) 2003–2005 Guangzhou Retrospective cohort 58,869 +
BW 19a (Zhao et al., 2008) 2003–2005 Guangzhou Cross-sectional 58,837 + + +
CA 9a (Chen et al., 2012) 2002–2007 Tianjin Cross-sectional 235,998
CA 10a (Zheng et al., 2013) 2001–2006 Tianjin Case-control 1539 (459 cases, 1080 controls) − −
CA 11a (Zhang et al., 2007) 1997–2004 Taiyuan Retrospective cohort 48,491 + +
CA 12a (Shi et al., 2013) 2007–2012 Fuzhou Case-control 534 (178 cases, 356 controls) +
CA 14a (Aimaier et al., 2013) 2007–2009 Beijing Retrospective cohort 23,187 − + −
CA 23 (Jin et al., 2015) 2010–2012 Lanzhou Retrospective cohort 8969 + + +
CA 24 (Liang et al., 2014) 2009–2011 Haikou Case-control 63,900 (509 cases, 63,391 controls) − − +
LBW 6 (Wang et al., 1997) 1988–1991 Beijing Prospective cohort 74,671 +
LBW 11a (Zhang et al., 2007) 1997–2004 Taiyuan Retrospective cohort 49,881 − +
LBW 14a (Aimaier et al., 2013) 2007–2009 Beijing Retrospective cohort 23,283 + − −
LBW 18a (Zhao et al., 2010b) 2007 Guangdong Cross-sectional 7004 − − −
LBW 22a (Ruan et al., 2008) 2003–2005 Guangzhou Case-control 2964 (1482 cases, 1482 controls) + + +
mortality 7 (Hou et al., 2014) 2001–2006 Tianjin Case-control 1918(959 cases, 959 controls) + + −
mortality 9a (Chen et al., 2012) 2002–2007 Tianjin Cross-sectional 235,998
mortality 11a (Zhang et al., 2007) 1997–2004 Taiyuan Retrospective cohort 49,910 − +
mortality 16a (Hou et al., 2012) 2001–2006 Tianjin Case-control 1918 (959 cases, 959 controls) −
mortality 25 (Hwang et al., 2011) 2001–2007 Taiwan Case-control 102,575 (9325 cases, 93,250 controls) + − + − +
PTB 1 (Xu et al., 1995) 1988 Beijing Prospective cohort 25,370 +
PTB 2 (Zhao et al., 2011) 2007 Guangzhou Cross-sectional 7836 + − −
PTB 3 (Huang et al., 2015) 2006–2010 Beijing Cross-sectional 50,874 − −
PTB 5 (Zhao et al., 2015) 2010–2012 Lanzhou Case-control 8969 (677 cases, 8292 controls) +
PTB 8 (Jiang et al., 2007) 2004 Shanghai Cross-sectional 3346 + + + +
PTB 11a (Zhang et al., 2007) 1997–2004 Taiyuan Retrospective cohort 48,029 + +
PTB 14a (Aimaier et al., 2013) 2007–2009 Beijing Retrospective cohort 23,896 + − +
PTB 15a (Ruan et al., 2010) 2007–2012 Guangzhou Case-control 9848 (4924 cases, 4924 controls) − + −
PTB 17a (Zhao et al., 2010a) 2007 Guangdong Cross-sectional 7836 + − −
PTB 20a (Xu et al., 2008) 2005–2007 Taiyuan Retrospective cohort 31,145 − − −
PTB 21a (Zhang et al., 2008) 2005–2007 Taiyuan Case-crossover 716 + + +

+Statistically significant association (p < 0.05) – not statistically significant [blank] = not investigated, BW = birth weight, LBW = low birth weight, PTB = preterm birth, CA = congenital anomaly.

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