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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Sci Total Environ. 2016 Nov 29;579:1179–1192. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.100

Table 9.

Quantitative results for preterm birth for a 10 μg/m3 increase in exposure.

Study Pollutant Result (95% CI) Exposure period Details
5 * PM10 AOR = 1.14 (1.02,1.28) entire pregnancy medically indicated
5 PM10 AOR = 1.01 (0.94,1.08) trimester 2 medically-indicated
5 PM10 AOR = 1.04 (1.00,1.09) last 4 weeks BD medically-indicated
5 PM10 AOR = 1.04 (1.00,1.09) last 6 weeks BD medically-indicated
5 PM10 AOR = 1.03 (0.98,1.09) last 8 weeks BD medically-indicated
5 * PM10 AOR = 1.07 (1.01,1.14) trimester 1 medically-indicated
5 PM10 AOR = 1.05 (0.99,1.12) trimester 3 medically-indicated
5 PM10 AOR = 1.03 (0.96,1.10) entire pregnancy moderate preterm
5 PM10 AOR = 1.01 (0.99,1.04) last 4 weeks BD moderate preterm
5 PM10 AOR = 1.01 (0.98,1.03) last 6 weeks BD moderate preterm
5 PM10 AOR = 1.00 (0.97,1.03) last 8 weeks BD moderate preterm
5 PM10 AOR = 1.01 (0.97,1.05) trimester 1 moderate preterm
5 PM10 AOR = 1.01 (0.97,1.06) trimester 2 moderate preterm
5 PM10 AOR = 0.98 (0.95,1.02) trimester 3 moderate preterm
5 PM10 AOR = 1.02 (0.94,1.10) entire pregnancy spontaneous
5 PM10 AOR = 1.01 (0.99,1.04) last 4 weeks BD spontaneous
5 PM10 AOR = 1.01 (0.98,1.04) last 6 weeks BD spontaneous
5 PM10 AOR = 1.00 (0.97,1.04) last 8 weeks BD spontaneous
5 PM10 AOR = 0.97 (0.93,1.02) trimester 1 spontaneous
5 PM10 AOR = 1.02 (0.97,1.07) trimester 2 spontaneous
5 PM10 AOR = 0.97 (0.93,1.01) trimester 3 spontaneous
5 PM10 AOR = 0.96 (0.82,1.12) entire pregnancy very preterm
5 * PM10 AOR = 1.07 (1.02,1.13) last 4 weeks BD very preterm
5 * PM10 AOR = 1.09 (1.02,1.15) last 6 weeks BD very preterm
5 * PM10 AOR = 1.10 (1.03,1.17) last 8 weeks BD very preterm
5 PM10 AOR = 0.97 (0.87,1.07) trimester 1 very preterm
5 PM10 AOR = 1.02 (0.92,1.13) trimester 2 very preterm
5 PM10 AOR = 1.06 (0.97,1.16) trimester 3 very preterm
14 NO2 AOR = 0.97 (0.91,1.03) 1 month BD
14 NO2 AOR = 0.95 (0.89,1.01) 1st month
14 NO2 AOR = 0.91 (0.86,1.00) 2 months BD
14 NO2 AOR = 0.96 (0.90,1.03) 2nd month
14 NO2 AOR = 0.96 (0.90,1.03) 3rd month
8 NO2 −0.6% change in number of events (−3.6,2.4) 4 weeks BD
8 NO2 −2.0% change in number of events (−5.4,1.4) 6 weeks BD
8 * NO2 5.4% change in number of events (1.8,9.1) 8 weeks BD
21 * NO2 AOR = 1.24 (1.03,1.48) entire pregnancy
2 NO2 RR = 1.00 (1.00,1.01) entire pregnancy
17 NO2 RR = 1.00 (1.00,1.01) entire pregnancy
3 NO2 AOR = 0.93 (0.70,1.25) trimester 1
14 NO2 AOR = 0.99 (0.91,1.08) trimester 1
3 NO2 AOR = 0.22 (0.68,1.08) trimester 2
15 * NO2 AOR = 0.93 (0.90,0.97) trimester 2
3 NO2 AOR = 0.96 (0.72,1.29) trimester 3
14 NO2 AOR = 0.94 (0.87,1.02) trimester 3
15 * NO2 AOR = 1.06 (1.03,1.09) trimester 3
8 * O3 3.1% change in number of events (0.2,6.0) 4 weeks BD
8 O3 3.0% change in number of events (−0.6,6.5) 6 weeks BD
8 * O3 4.6% change in number of events (0.4,8.9) 8 weeks BD
14 PM10 AOR = 0.98 (0.95,1.00) 1 month BD
11 PM10 AOR = 1.00 (0.99,1.01) 1st month
14 PM10 AOR = 1.00 (0.98,1.03) 1st month
14 * PM10 AOR = 1.04 (1.01,1.06) 2 months BD
11 * PM10 AOR = 1.02 (1.01,1.02) 2nd month
14 PM10 AOR = 0.98 (0.95,1.00) 2nd month
11 * PM10 AOR = 1.05 (1.04,1.06) 3rd month
14 PM10 AOR = 0.98 (0.96,1.00) 3rd month
8 PM10 −0.2% change in number of events (−2.2,1.8) 4 weeks BD
11 * PM10 AOR = 0.97 (0.96,0.99) 4–6th months
8 PM10 −0.9% change in number of events (−3.4,1.5) 6 weeks BD
11 * PM10 AOR = 1.04 (1.03,1.05) 7–9th months
8 * PM10 4.4% change in number of events (1.6,7.3) 8 weeks BD
11 * PM10 AOR = 1.06 (1.05,1.07) C-3
5 PM10 AOR = 1.02 (0.96,1.08) entire pregnancy
21 * PM10 AOR = 1.03 (1.01,1.05) entire pregnancy
2 PM10 RR = 1.01 (1.00,1.01) entire pregnancy
17 PM10 RR = 1.01 (1.00,1.01) entire pregnancy
5 PM10 AOR = 1.02 (1.00,1.04) last 4 weeks BD
5 PM10 AOR = 1.02 (0.99,1.04) last 6 weeks BD
5 PM10 AOR = 1.01 (0.98,1.04) last 8 weeks BD
3 PM10 AOR = 1.00 (0.92,1.08) trimester 1
5 PM10 AOR = 1.00 (0.97,1.04) trimester 1
14 PM10 AOR = 0.94 (0.90,1.00) trimester 1
3 PM10 AOR = 0.97 (0.88,1.08) trimester 2
5 PM10 AOR = 1.01 (0.97,1.05) trimester 2
3 PM10 AOR = 1.01 (0.90,1.12) trimester 3
5 PM10 AOR = 0.99 (0.96,1.03) trimester 3
14 PM10 AOR = 1.01 (0.98,1.05) trimester 3
14 * SO2 AOR = 1.06 (1.03,1.09) 1 month BD
14 SO2 AOR = 1.01 (0.99,1.04) 1st month
11 * SO2 AOR = 1.02 (1.02,1.03) 1st month
14 SO2 AOR = 1.00 (0.98,1.03) 2 months BD
11 SO2 AOR = 1.01 (1.00,1.01) 2nd month
14 SO2 AOR = 1.02 (1.00,1.05) 2nd month
14 SO2 AOR = 1.00 (0.97,1.03) 3rd month
11 * SO2 AOR = 0.98 (0.97,0.99) 3rd month
8 SO2 2.4% change in number of events (−1.0,5.9) 4 weeks BD
11 SO2 AOR = 1.00 (0.99,1.01) 4th–6th months
8 SO2 0.9% change in number of events (−3.3, 5.1) 6 weeks BD
11 SO2 AOR = 1.00 (1.00,1.01) 7th–9th months
8 * SO2 11.9% change in number of events (6.7,17.1) 8 weeks BD
11 SO2 AOR = 1.00 (1.00,1.01) C-3
2 * SO2 RR = 1.01 (1.01,1.02) entire pregnancy
17 * SO2 RR = 1.01 (1.01,1.02) entire pregnancy
21 * SO2 AOR = 1.06 (1.02,1.10) entire pregnancy
14 SO2 AOR = 1.04 (1.00,1.08) trimester 1
14 SO2 AOR = 1.02 (0.99,1.06) trimester 3
15 SO2 AOR = 1.03 (1.00,1.05) trimester 3
*

Statistically significant (p < 0.05), C-3 = 3 months before conception, BD = before delivery, AOR = adjusted odds ratio