Table 2.

Viscoelastic properties of porcine-derived ECM hydrogels. Italicized values were estimated from representative images. Steady shear viscosities refer to the pre-gel solution. “Pre-formed” indicates that gelation was induced in an incubator at 37°C prior to rheologic testing.

Tissue	Conc. (mg/mL)	Protocol (strain, frequency)	G′ (Pa)	Steady Shear Viscosity (Pa* s)	Gelation time (min)	Ref
Cartilage	30	2%, 1 rad/s	4000	3		[73]
Brain	4	5%, 1 rad/s	20.3		34.8	[54]
	6	5%, 1 rad/s	49.9		2.4	[54]
	8	5%, 1 rad/s	61.8		8.3	[54]
Colon	4	0.5%, 1 rad/s	9	0.75		[71]
	8	0.5%, 1 rad/s	50	1.7		[71]
Heart	6	2.5%, 0.4 rad/s	11.3	Pre-formed		[80]
		2.5%, 1 rad/s	6.5	Pre-formed		[78]
		NR, 1 rad/s,	5.28	Pre-formed		[42]
		NR, 6.28 rad/s	6.08	Pre-formed		[60]
	8	2.5%, 0.5 rad/s	5.3	Pre-formed		[74]
		NR, 1 rad/s,	9.52	Pre-formed		[42]
	30	2%, 1 rad/s	800	33		[73]
Liver	8	0.5%, 1 rad/s	630	4.25	8.5	[56]
Lung	4	0.5%, 6.28 rad/s	15.3			[49]
	6	0.5%, 6.28 rad/s	32.0			[49]
	8	0.5%, 6.28 rad/s	59.0			[49]
Pancreas	16.7	2.5%, 1 rad/s	190		4.5	[62]
Skeletal Muscle	6	NR, 1 rad/s	6.5	Pre-formed		[83]
Skin	4	0.5%, 1 rad/s	110	2		[23]
	6	0.5%, 1 rad/s	200	2		[23]
	8	0.5%, 1 rad/s	466	7		[23]
Spinal cord	4	5%, 1 rad/s	138		11.7	[54]
	6	5%, 1 rad/s	235		7	[54]
	8	0.5%, 1 rad/s	757		28.9	[54]
Urinary Bladder	3	5%, 1 rad/s	6		10	[20]
	4	0.5%, 1 rad/s	110	0.06		[23]
			76.6	0.084	3.2*	[22]
		5%, 1 rad/s	11.4		52.5	[54]
	6	0.5%, 1 rad/s	40	0.9		[23]
		5%, 1 rad/s	26		10	[20]
			72.8		8.47	[54]
	8	0.5%, 1 rad/s	182	0.9		[23]
			460	0.443	3.0*	[22]
		5%, 1 rad/s	143		19.8	[54]

^*indicates time to 50% gelation.

“NR” indicates “not recorded.”