Figure 6.

In vitro chemotherapy and phototherapy using hybrid NCs. (a) In vitro cytotoxicity of Fe₃O₄@CDs@mSiO₂@mSiO₂ NCs and Fe₃O₄@CDs@mSiO₂@PTX@mSiO₂ NCs without and with NIR irradiation at 1.5 W cm⁻² for 5 min, as measured in terms of cell viability. (b) Therapeutic efficiencies of Fe₃O₄@CDs@mSiO₂@PTX@mSiO₂ NCs as a drug carrier and photothermal therapy agent for chemo, photothermal, and their combined treatments. The t-test was used to compare the therapeutic efficiencies of combined treatment with the additive efficiencies of chemo and photothermal treatments alone. All p-values are smaller than 0.01.