. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jan 22.

Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Neurosci. 2015 May;16(5):249–263. doi: 10.1038/nrn3898

Table 3.

Pro-inflammatory astrocyte functions and molecular mechanisms demonstrated in vivo by transgenic loss-of function studies in mice

Disease Model	Deleted or downregulated astrocyte molecule	Functions revealed	References
Spinal cord injury	SOCS3	Recruits inflammation.	⁴¹
Spinal cord injury	NFκB	Recruits inflammation.	⁴⁰
EAE	NFκB	Recruits inflammation.	⁴²
EAE	Act1	Recruits IL-17 induced inflammation.	⁴⁸
EAE	CCL2	Recruits inflammation.	^{43, 44}
EAE	CXCL10	Recruits inflammation.	⁴⁵
EAE	VEGF	Opens blood-brain barrier; Recruits inflammation.	^{46, 47}