Table 3.
Factors Associated with Psychiatric Morbidity in Older Homeless Adults
| Moderate to Severe Depressive Symptoms (CES-D Score ≥22) (n=133) | History of Suicide Attempt (Lifetime) (n=45) | History of Psychiatric Hospitalization (Lifetime) (n=66) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalence of depressive symptoms, n (%) | Bivariate OR (95% CI) | Multivariate AOR (95% CI) | Prevalence of suicide attempt, n (%) | Bivariate OR (95% CI) | Multivariate AOR (95% CI) | Prevalence of psychiatric hospitalization, n (%) | Bivariate OR (95% CI) | Multivariate AOR (95% CI) | |
| Cumulative Number of Childhood Adversities†a | |||||||||
| 0 | 22 (22.5) | REF | REF | 2 (2.0) | REF | REF | 13 (13.1) | REF | REF |
| 1 | 40 (35.4) | 1.9 (1.0–3.5)* | 2.0 (1.1–3.7)* | 10 (8.8) | 4.6 (1.0–21.9) | 4.6 (1.0–21.6) | 18 (15.8) | 1.2 (0.6–2.7) | 1.2 (0.6–2.7) |
| 2 | 32 (45.7) | 2.9 (1.5–5.7)* | 2.9 (1.5–5.7)* | 9 (13.0) | 7.2 (1.5–35.0)* | 7.8 (1.6–37.4)* | 11 (15.5) | 1.2 (0.5–2.9) | 1.2 (0.5–2.9) |
| 3 | 19 (51.4) | 3.7 (1.6–8.2)* | 4.2 (1.9–9.7)** | 10 (27.0) | 17.8 (3.6–87.5)** | 20.0 (4.1–98.1)** | 9 (24.3) | 2.1 (0.8–5.6) | 2.1 (0.8–5.5) |
| 4+ | 20 (69.0) | 7.7 (3.0–19.4)** | 6.0 (2.4–15.4)** | 14 (48.3) | 44.8 (9.1–220.7)** | 44.7 (9.1–219.2)** | 15 (51.7) | 7.1 (2.8–18.2)** | 7.1 (2.8–18.0)** |
| Age (+5 y) | - | 0.6 (0.5–0.8)** | 0.9 (0.9–1.0)** | - | - | ||||
| Graduated High Schoolb | |||||||||
| No | 86 (36.1) | REF | 24 (10.0) | REF | REF | 47 (19.6) | REF | ||
| Yes | 47 (43.1) | 1.3 (0.8–2.1) | 21 (19.4) | 2.2 (1.1–4.1)* | 2.4 (1.2–4.8)* | 19 (17.3) | 0.9 (0.5–1.6) | ||
| Sex | |||||||||
| Male | 101 (37.7) | REF | 30 (11.2) | REF | 45 (16.7) | REF | |||
| Female | 32 (40.5) | 1.1 (0.7–1.9) | 15 (19.0) | 1.9 (0.9–3.7) | 21 (26.3) | 1.8 (1.0–3.2) | |||
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||||
| African American | 97 (35.1) | REF | 33 (12.0) | REF | 47 (16.9) | REF | |||
| Non-African American | 36 (50.7) | 1.9 (1.1–3.2)* | 12 (16.9) | 1.5 (0.7–3.1) | 19 (26.8) | 1.8 (1.0–3.4) | |||
Abbreviations: CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; OR, odds ratio; AOR, adjusted odds ratio
In all models, the overall (Type 3) p-value for childhood adversity score was <0.001.
Wald chi-square p-value <0.05 with 1 degree of freedom, except for childhood adversities, which has 4 degrees of freedom
Wald chi-square p-value <0.001 with 1 degree of freedom, except for childhood adversities, which has 4 degrees of freedom
Childhood adversities include any report of the following seven categories: physical neglect, verbal abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, parental incarceration, parental death, or child welfare system placement; each item was weighted equally.
High school graduate does not include participants who passed the General Education Development (GED®) test.