Table 1. Cardiovascular burden and PCI in Russia by regions.
| 83 federal subjects (regions) of Russia (without Crimea) in 8 Federal districts (ISO 3166−2:RU code) | RIA socio−economic integral rating (ranking), 2013* | Poverty [per cent of people], 2012† | Total mortality [death rates] per 1,000, 2012 | CV mortality per 100,000 | CV morbidity [disease rates] per 100,000, 2012 | CAD morbidity per 100,000, 2012 | Angio, no. [number of PCI centers], 2013 | PCI, no. [number of PCI centers], 2013 | Stenting, no. [per cent of PCI], 2013 | CABG, no., 2012 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 | Per cent of 10−year change | ||||||||||
| Central federal district | NA | 10.8 | 13.9 | 705.2 | −31.7 | 23,750.2 | 6,111.3 | 64,983 [63] | 26,551 [62] | 24,570 [92.5] | 5,953 |
| Belgorod oblast (BEL) | 51.738 [19] | 6.5 | 14.0 | 757.1 | −30.6 | 29,798.2 | 8,196.4 | 1,490 [3] | 642 [1] | 631 [98.3] | 263 |
| Bryansk oblast (BRY) | 35.903 [57] | 10.6 | 16.2 | 788.1 | −35.9 | 24,883.8 | 5,284.0 | 1,117 [1] | 172 [1] | 165 [95.9] | 0 |
| Vladimir oblast (VLA) | 46.436 [32] | 15.1 | 16.7 | 817.8 | −34.9 | 30,001.1 | 6,046.4 | 1,378 [2] | 376 [2] | 373 [99.2] | 0 |
| Voronezh oblast (VOR) | 51.137 [20] | 10.3 | 15.6 | 744.2 | −25.6 | 24,958.7 | 4,638.1 | 3,424 [1] | 919 [1] | 889 [96.7] | 462 |
| Ivanov oblast (IVA) | 32.874 [65] | 13.9 | 16.9 | 639.4 | −52.8 | 22,233.7 | 3,009.6 | 1,423 [1] | 768 [1] | 722 [94.0] | 56 |
| Kaluga oblast (KLU) | 50.250 [23] | 8.6 | 15.8 | 857.3 | −22.8 | 20,354.3 | 4,208.7 | 1,221 [2] | 518 [2] | 486 [93.8] | 0 |
| Kostroma oblast (KOS) | 29.974 [69] | 15.2 | 16.1 | 830.2 | −32.6 | 21,910.8 | 5,090.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Kursk oblast (KRS) | 44.428 [36] | 8.2 | 16.6 | 782.7 | −38.8 | 12,296.6 | 2,549.8 | 1,004 [1] | 533 [1] | 522 [97.9] | 0 |
| Lipetsk oblast (LIP) | 50.561 [22] | 8.4 | 15.4 | 741.3 | −38.8 | 25,261.2 | 7,731.2 | 2,245 [1] | 462 [1] | 420 [90.9] | 0 |
| Moscow oblast (MOS) | 68.337 [4] | 7.2 | 14.3 | 796.8 | −22.3 | 15,818.8 | 3,954.6 | 2,083 [3] | 768 [3] | 744 [96.8] | 73 |
| Oryol oblast (ORL) | 34.390 [61] | 11.3 | 16.4 | 1,011.0 | −13.0 | 27,892.5 | 7,081.7 | 698 [1] | 254 [1] | 247 [97.2] | 0 |
| Ryazan oblast (RYA) | 39.842 [48] | 12.5 | 16.4 | 820.3 | −26.6 | 23,512.3 | 5,686.9 | 564 [1] | 167 [1] | 139 [83.2] | 0 |
| Smolensk oblast (SMO) | 35.283 [60] | 14.9 | 16.8 | 672.5 | −47.2 | 25,171.5 | 8,084.5 | 868 [2] | 257 [2] | 244 [94.9] | 0 |
| Tambov oblast (TAM) | 39.302 [51] | 9.4 | 16.2 | 704.0 | −38.6 | 27,463.5 | 5,962.0 | 1,356 [1] | 491 [1] | 470 [95.7] | 0 |
| Tver oblast (TVE) | 38.812 [52] | 11.4 | 18.3 | 1,031.6 | −30.0 | 27,609.1 | 5,488.2 | 920 [1] | 248 [1] | 248 [100] | 0 |
| Tula oblast (TUL) | 49.012 [27] | 9.5 | 17.7 | 738.8 | −39.5 | 31,428.8 | 6,439.3 | 203 [1] | 13 [1] | 13 [100] | 0 |
| Yaroslavl oblast (YAR) | 45.259 [34] | 11.0 | 15.9 | 708.7 | −37.3 | 18,412.2 | 3,697.1 | 1,325 [1] | 448 [1] | 428 [95.5] | 248 |
| Moscow city (MOW) | 82.824 [1] | 9.7 | 9.9 | 523.7 | −26.5 | 26,617.5 | 8,369.0 | 43,664 [42] | 19,515 [41] | 17,829 [91.3] | 4,851 |
| Northwestern Federal District | NA | 11.8 | 13.8 | 729.0 | −28.5 | 26,295.1 | 6,631.8 | 28,110 [24] | 11,419 [24] | 11,015 [96.5] | 4,750 |
| Republic of Karelia (KR) | 28.469 [70] | 13.6 | 15.4 | 783.1 | −22.0 | 32,498.4 | 6,273.0 | 1,257 [1] | 533 [1] | 497 [93.2] | 82 |
| Republic of Komi (KO) | 49.801 [24] | 13.5 | 12.2 | 536.8 | −25.4 | 24,356.7 | 3,868.0 | 2,199 [2] | 429 [2] | 417 [97.2] | 288 |
| Arkhangelsk oblast without Nenets autonomous okrug (ARK) | 43.896 [38] | 12.9 | 13.6 | 760.3 | −21.4 | 24,523.7 | 5,117.9 | 2,334 [2] | 787 [2] | 757 [96.2] | 487 |
| Nenets autonomous okrug (NEN) | 42.034 [44] | 9.0 | 10.2 | 425.9 | −36.1 | 26,691.3 | 5,617.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Vologda oblast (VLG) | 42.622 [43] | 6.6 | 15.1 | 828.4 | −20.8 | 19,919.6 | 3,184.9 | 860 [2] | 154 [2] | 146 [94.8] | 0 |
| Kaliningrad oblast (KGD) | 41.988 [45] | 13.3 | 13.2 | 628.3 | −28.0 | 12,855.5 | 2,402.5 | 3,094 [2] | 1,054 [2] | 1,028 [97.5] | 244 |
| Leningrad oblast (LEN) | 57.890 [12] | 10.9 | 14.7 | 734.8 | −39.2 | 16,308.6 | 4,882.7 | 1,215 [1] | 639 [1] | 609 [95.3] | 103 |
| Murmansk oblast (MUR) | 43.595 [39] | 11.9 | 11.3 | 639.1 | −10.7 | 21,489.4 | 5,037.5 | 1,701 [1] | 453 [1] | 415 [91.6] | 196 |
| Novgorod oblast (NGR) | 35.350 [59] | 11.3 | 17.9 | 1022.3 | −26.5 | 39,390.8 | 8,959.9 | 295 [1] | 145 [1] | 130 [89.6] | 0 |
| Pskov oblast (PSK) | 26.388 [72] | 11.6 | 19.6 | 1110.1 | −26.5 | 21,713.0 | 4,503.5 | 1,057 [1] | 548 [1] | 510 [93.1] | 0 |
| Saint−Petersburg city (SPE) | 75.323 [2] | 15.2 | 12.4 | 674.0 | −31.3 | 33,600.1 | 10,044.4 | 14,098 [11] | 6,677 [11] | 6,506 [97.4] | 3,350 |
| Southern Federal District | NA | 17.3 | 13.4 | 624.6 | −22.2 | 19,023.8 | 4,357.8 | 18,511 [17] | 5,934 [16] | 5,592 [94.2] | 2,962 |
| Republic of Adygea (AD) | 25.920 [73] | 11.4 | 13.4 | 775.2 | −13.8 | 16,177.8 | 4,645.7 | 304 [1] | 72 [1] | 71 [98.6] | 0 |
| Republic of Kalmykia (KL) | 17.700 [79] | 30.8 | 10.1 | 459.0 | +18.9 | 14,982.1 | 2,705.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Krasnodar krai (KDA) | 54.628 [16] | 11.7 | 13.2 | 580.1 | −35.4 | 16,594.7 | 3,615.2 | 10,750 [5] | 3,248 [4] | 3,004 [92.5] | 1,350 |
| Astrakhan oblast (AST) | 39.722 [49] | 12.5 | 12.7 | 631.9 | −19.5 | 17,681.5 | 3,674.4 | 2,232 [1] | 1,018 [1] | 1,011 [99.3] | 1,096 |
| Volgograd oblast (VGG) | 44.312 [37] | 13.6 | 13.6 | 745.6 | −19.1 | 21,633.3 | 5,845.2 | 1,339 [4] | 440 [4] | 386 [87.7] | 270 |
| Rostov oblast (ROS) | 54.241 [17] | 13.1 | 14.0 | 601.7 | −35.2 | 21,334.8 | 4,617.2 | 3,886 [6] | 1,156 [6] | 1,120 [96.9] | 246 |
| North Caucasian Federal District | NA | 14.5 | 8.3 | 433.0 | −16.8 | 13,964.9 | 3,500.0 | 4703 [6] | 1,472 [5] | 1,405 [95.4] | 244 |
| Republic of Dagestan (DA) | 35.932 [56] | 7.1 | 5.7 | 227.3 | −19.0 | 10,937.6 | 2,808.1 | 972 [2] | 34 [1] | 34 [100] | 3 |
| Republic of Ingushetia (IN) | 14.275 [83] | 17.0 | 3.7 | 167.9 | −4.8 | 22,214.7 | 7,130.6 | 578 [1] | 106 [1] | 100 [95.1] | 0 |
| Republic of Kabardino−Balkaria (KB) | 21.771 [77] | 14.3 | 9.0 | 523.6 | −7.8 | 12,564.7 | 2837.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Republic of Karachay−Cherkessia (KC) | 24.875 [75] | 16.1 | 9.8 | 547.0 | −18.0 | 14,387.3 | 3886.7 | 534 [1] | 162 [1] | 154 [95.1] | 0 |
| Republic of North Ossetia–Alania (SE) | 19.992 [78] | 10.4 | 10.6 | 687.6 | −10.3 | 13,247.5 | 4,496.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 90 |
| Republic of Chechnya (CE) | 25.250 [74] | 21.8 | 5.5 | 281.6 | −11.2 | 17,706.2 | 3,521.4 | 83 [1] | 8 [1] | 5 [62.5] | 0 |
| Stavropol krai (STA) | 43.366 [41] | 14.0 | 12.0 | 657.8 | −24.3 | 14,667.7 | 3,541.4 | 2,536 [1] | 1,162 [1] | 1,112 [95.7] | 151 |
| Volga Federal District | NA | 13.2 | 14.0 | 691.1 | −25.3 | 25,787.0 | 5,114.2 | 46,058 [37] | 14,297 [36] | 13,669 [95.6] | 6,784 |
| Republic of Bashkortostan (BA) | 58.208 [11] | 10.3 | 13.2 | 549.9 | −32.0 | 25,210.9 | 5,292.1 | 5,997 [5] | 1497 [5] | 1,456 [97.3] | 714 |
| Republic of Mari El (ME) | 30.307 [67] | 20.0 | 13.7 | 507.4 | −40.2 | 20,379.1 | 2,876.5 | 547 [1] | 120 [1] | 120 [100] | 0 |
| Republic of Mordovia (MO) | 33.250 [63] | 18.0 | 14.5 | 556.2 | −40.2 | 20,049.0 | 5,310.2 | 811 [1] | 207 [1] | 207 [100] | 5 |
| Republic of Tatarstan (TA) | 64.338 [5] | 6.5 | 12.2 | 632.0 | −22.8 | 24,938.0 | 4,466.9 | 5,817 [5] | 2,027 [4] | 1,956 [96.5] | 1,042 |
| Republic of Udmurtia (UD) | 43.279 [42] | 11.4 | 12.9 | 568.0 | −26.6 | 21,312.8 | 3,987.1 | 921 [1] | 183 [1] | 177 [96.7] | 84 |
| Republic of Chuvashia (CU) | 39.364 [50] | 16.0 | 13.3 | 567.4 | −24.8 | 33,986.6 | 5,298.0 | 2,154 [2] | 951 [2] | 743 [78.1] | 53 |
| Perm krai (PER) | 58.565 [10] | 12.2 | 14.2 | 712.6 | −28.2 | 2,3267.1 | 3,950.4 | 8,766 [3] | 1,526 [3] | 1,446 [94.7] | 2,162 |
| Kirov oblast (KIR) | 36.993 [54] | 12.6 | 15.6 | 770.3 | −30.1 | 26,044.7 | 4,492.6 | 1,980 [1] | 717 [1] | 680 [94.8] | 189 |
| Nizhny Novgorod oblast (NIZ) | 56.939 [14] | 10.4 | 16.1 | 955.5 | −24.2 | 22,044.3 | 4,573.5 | 5,519 [7] | 1,900 [7] | 1,809 [95.2] | 444 |
| Orenburg oblast (ORE) | 49.550 [26] | 12.7 | 14.1 | 729.6 | −12.5 | 27,451.3 | 5,177.5 | 2,645 [1] | 1,161 [1] | 1,104 [95.1] | 222 |
| Penza oblast (PNZ) | 36.932 [55] | 13.3 | 14.9 | 885.4 | −21.9 | 24,212.3 | 7,312.7 | 2,136 [1] | 1,364 [1] | 1,363 [99.9] | 985 |
| Samara oblast (SAM) | 62.260 [6] | 12.3 | 13.9 | 636.6 | −24.1 | 33,755.0 | 6,626.4 | 4,210 [4] | 1,586 [4] | 1,555 [98.0] | 883 |
| Saratov oblast (SAR) | 43.531 [40] | 15.9 | 14.3 | 686.4 | −26.0 | 26,262.3 | 6,290.9 | 3,401 [4] | 880 [4] | 880 [100] | 0 |
| Ulyanovsk oblast (ULY) | 39.852 [47] | 13.4 | 14.2 | 847.6 | −17.3 | 26,757.2 | 4,584.4 | 1,164 [1] | 178 [1] | 173 [97.2] | 1 |
| Ural Federal District | NA | 10.3 | 12.6 | 580.5 | −25.6 | 16,701.9 | 3,317.7 | 23,424 [14] | 9,747 [14] | 9,221 [94.6] | 3,282 |
| Kurgan oblast (KGN) | 30.189 [68] | 15.8 | 16.0 | 603.9 | −22.8 | 21,337.2 | 3,653.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Sverdlovsk oblast (SVE) | 60.257 [8] | 8.5 | 14.0 | 660.6 | −26.7 | 14,668.3 | 2,571.0 | 7,294 [5] | 3,550 [5] | 3,197 [90.1] | 1,181 |
| Tyumen oblast without autonomous okrugs (TYU) | 58.927 [9] | 11.1 | 8.4 | 599.1 | +33.1 | 17,644.4 | 3,268.8 | 2,764 [1] | 1,260 [1] | 1,182 [93.8] | 820 |
| Khanty−Mansi autonomous okrug (KHM) | 70.383 [3] | 9.9 | 6.3 | 263.1 | −7.9 | 13,654.2 | 1,946.8 | 4,818 [3] | 2,078 [3] | 2,002 [96.3] | 577 |
| Yamalo−Nenets autonomous okrug (YAN) | 61.904 [7] | 6.5 | 5.4 | 204.5 | −1.6 | 15,009.0 | 2,108.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Chelyabinsk oblast (CHE) | 53.610 [18] | 10.2 | 14.2 | 671.7 | −22.4 | 17,088.2 | 4,204.0 | 8,548 [5] | 2,859 [5] | 2,840 [99.3] | 1,281 |
| Siberian Federal District | NA | 17.2 | 13.7 | 605.9 | −23.4 | 24,856.8 | 4,869.8 | 46,128 [19] | 15,767 [17] | 15,102 [95.7] | 3,662 |
| Republic of Altai (AL) | 15.751 [81] | 18.6 | 11.5 | 453.7 | −28.4 | 25,332.4 | 4,350.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Republic of Buryatia (BU) | 35.827 [58] | 18.8 | 12.4 | 519.5 | −30.4 | 15,816.9 | 2,854.4 | 2,430 [1] | 325 [1] | 251 [77.2] | 173 |
| Republic of Tuva (TY) | 14.631 [82] | 28.1 | 11.2 | 383.0 | −11.2 | 9,593.1 | 1,728.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Republic of Khakassia (KK) | 27.358 [71] | 16.3 | 13.4 | 658.2 | −19.9 | 20,780.6 | 3,391.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Altai krai (ALT) | 41.281 [46] | 20.5 | 14.6 | 632.3 | −24.6 | 45,326.0 | 8,122.4 | 4,710 [3] | 1,720 [2] | 1,597 [92.8] | 470 |
| Zabaykalsky krai (ZAB) | 32.948 [64] | 17.9 | 13.1 | 574.8 | −31.2 | 19,191.0 | 5,048.9 | 1,750 [1] | 243 [1] | 221 [90.9] | 612 |
| Krasnoyarsk krai (KYA) | 56.494 [15] | 16.1 | 13.0 | 596.5 | −14.8 | 24,757.5 | 5,193.5 | 14,151 [4] | 4,247 [4] | 4,137 [97.4] | 393 |
| Irkutsk oblast (IRK) | 48.937 [29] | 17.0 | 13.9 | 676.1 | −14.5 | 21,169.4 | 4,133.2 | 2,377 [2] | 748 [1] | 709 [94.7] | 0 |
| Kemerovo oblast (KEM) | 48.880 [30] | 10.8 | 15.2 | 614.7 | −34.0 | 22,572.8 | 4,308.6 | 6,214 [2] | 1,834 [2] | 1,747 [95.2] | 1,120 |
| Novosibirsk oblast (NVS) | 50.781 [21] | 14.3 | 13.6 | 709.6 | −10.8 | 20,672.0 | 3,144.7 | 9,480 [4] | 5,050 [4] | 4,922 [97.5] | 240 |
| Omsk oblast (OMS) | 49.677 [25] | 11.0 | 13.8 | 656.4 | −17.4 | 28,913.1 | 7,039.2 | 2,120 [1] | 460 [1] | 445 [96.7] | 618 |
| Tomsk oblast (TOM) | 46.115 [33] | 16.4 | 11.9 | 515.5 | −18.6 | 16,600.0 | 3,507.4 | 2,896 [1] | 1,140 [1] | 1073 [94.1] | 36 |
| Far Eastern Federal District | NA | 14.5 | 13.1 | 638.5 | −16.3 | 18,598.1 | 3,959.7 | 11,468 [11] | 5,145 [11] | 4,862 [94.5] | 1,375 |
| Republic of Sakha (SA) | 48.958 [28] | 16.9 | 9.3 | 406.3 | −4.4 | 19,287.6 | 4,450.8 | 1,400 [2] | 574 [2] | 506 [88.1] | 52 |
| Kamchatka krai (KAM) | 34.320 [62] | 18.0 | 11.6 | 606.8 | +2.6 | 20,983.5 | 4,273.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Primorsky krai (PRI) | 46.729 [31] | 14.6 | 13.7 | 732.1 | −12.1 | 18,523.8 | 3,731.6 | 2,537 [2] | 945 [2] | 871 [92.2] | 112 |
| Khabarovsk krai (KHA) | 44.939 [35] | 14.3 | 13.6 | 694.5 | −19.7 | 16,499.5 | 3,584.2 | 4,858 [4] | 2547 [4] | 2,537 [99.6] | 1,211 |
| Amur oblast (AMU) | 37.991 [53] | 16.4 | 14.7 | 599.8 | −28.8 | 24,213.4 | 5,364.8 | 555 [1] | 341 [1] | 332 [97.4] | 0 |
| Magadan oblast (MAG) | 32.549 [66] | 11.3 | 12.7 | 521.5 | −16.0 | 12,455.6 | 2,780.2 | 865 [1] | 341 [1] | 246 [72.1] | 0 |
| Sakhalin oblast (SAK) | 57.386 [13] | 11.4 | 13.9 | 646.1 | −22.4 | 16,714.7 | 3,383.7 | 1253 [1] | 400 [1] | 370 [92.5] | 0 |
| Jewish autonomous oblast (YEV) | 16.500 [80] | 19.3 | 15.2 | 814.2 | −8.8 | 13,446.3 | 2,904.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Chukotka autonomous okrug (CHU) | 23.416 [76] | 7.9 | 11.4 | 459.0 | −5.6 | 12,842.2 | 1,531.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total urban population | NA | NA | NA | 640.4 | −24.1 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Total rural population | NA | NA | NA | 692.9 | −33.2 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Total population of Russia | NA | 10.9 | 13.3 | 653.9 | −27.0 | 22,755.1 | 5,133.8 | 243,385 [191] | 90,335 [185] | 85,436 [94.6] | 29,214 |
*RIA integral socio-economic rating provided by the Russian agency RIA news (online resource is available via http://ria.ru/infografika/20140522/1008810278.html). †The poverty was considered as per cent of the population with an income below the living wage. The Russian national coefficient for standardization by WHO Standard Population achieved 1.0550 in 2004, 1.0669 in 2012, 1.0606 in 2013, 1.0535 in 2014 with a −0.1496% mean 10-year reduction, and by ESP 2013 performed 1.0601 in 2004, 1.0451 in 2012, 1.0314 in 2013, and 1.0179 in 2014 with a −3.9760% mean 10-year reduction. NA, not applicable (or not provided); CV, cardiovascular; CAD, coronary artery disease (ischemic heart disease); PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; CABG, coronary artery bypass surgery.