Table 2.

The roles of E3 ubiquitin ligases and the 26S proteasome in ABA signalling

Type of E3 ligase	Name	Effect on ABA signalling	Target	References
CUL4‐DDB1	DDA1	Negativea	PYL4, PYL8, PYL9	Irigoyen et al. (2014)
	DWA1	Negative	ABI5	Lee et al. (2010)
	DWA2	Negative	ABI5	Lee et al. (2010)
	ABD1	Negative	ABI5	Seo et al. (2014)
CUL3‐BTB	BPM6	Negative	ATHB6	Lechner et al. (2011)
RING	RSL1	Negative	PYR1, PYL4	Bueso et al. (2014)
	KEG	Negative	CIPK26, ABI5, ABF1, ABF3	Chen et al. (2013), Liu and Stone (2010, 2013), Lyzenga et al. (2013), Stone et al. (2006)
	SDIR1	Positiveb	SDIRIP1	Zhang et al. (2015, 2007)
	AIP2	Negative	ABI3	Kurup et al. (2000)
	AIRP3	Positive	RD21	Kim and Kim (2013), Pratelli et al. (2012)
U‐box	PUB12	Positive	ABI1	Kong et al. (2015)
	PUB13	Positive	ABI1	Kong et al. (2015)
	CHIP	Positive	PP2A	Luo et al. (2006)
26S proteasome	RPN10	Negative	ABI5	Smalle et al. (2003)

^aNegative: inhibition of ABA signalling.

^bPositive: activation of ABA signalling.