Table 2.
Reference | Age/gender | Onset of graft dysfunction | DSA detection method | Type of DSA | DSA specificity | AMR treatment | Clinical outcome |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rostron et al. (2005) [22] | 23/F | POD 6 | Luminex SAB | Preformed | Bw6 | Steroids, MMF, PP, IVIG | Alive with functioning graft |
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Wilson et al. (2006) [23] | 36/F | 4 years | Luminex SAB | De novo | DR52 | Steroids, MMF, PP, IVIG, Rituximab, ATG | Alive with functioning graft |
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Watson et al. (2006) [24] | 50/F | POD 5 | Flow cytometry SAB | Preformed | B7 | Steroids, MMF, PP, IVIG, Rituximab | Death |
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Kamar et al. (2009) [25] | 49/F | POD 10 | Luminex SAB | Preformed | A2, DR7 | Steroids, MMF, PP, Rituximab, OKT3 | Death |
39/F | POD 6 | Luminex SAB | Preformed | A2, A24, B27, DR4 | Steroids, PP, Rituximab | Alive with functioning graft | |
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Kozlowski et al. (2011) [26] | N/A | POD 5 | Flow cytometry or Luminex SAB | Preformed | 3 DSA (specificity not provided) | Steroids, PP, IVIG, Rituximab | Death |
N/A | POD 7 | Preformed | A30, A74, B7, B45, DR15, DR51, DQ7 | Steroids, PP, IVIG, Rituximab, ATG | Death | ||
N/A | POD 7 | Preformed | 4 DSA (specificity not provided) | Steroids, PP, IVIG, Rituximab, OKT3 | Retransplant, alive | ||
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Paterno et al. (2012) [27] | 62/F | POD 8 | Luminex SAB | De novo | DR13, DR15, DR51, DR52 | Steroids, OKT3, ATG, Bortezomib | Alive with functioning graft |
28/F | POD 452 | Luminex SAB | De novo | DQ2, DQ6 | Steroids, PP, Rituximab, ATG, Bortezomib | Alive with functioning graft | |
53/F | POD 6 | Luminex SAB | Preformed | B51, Cw2, DQ7 | Steroids, ATG, Bortezomib | Alive with functioning graft | |
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Kheradmand et al. (2014) [28] | 43/F | POD 1 | Luminex SAB | Preformed | B35, B51, DR4, DR53, DQ8 | Steroids, PP, IVIG, Rituximab, ATG | Alive with functioning graft |
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Wozniak et al. (2016) [29] | 22 mo/M | POD 45 | Luminex SAB | De novo | B44, DQ2 | Steroids, MMF, IVIG, Rituximab | Alive with functioning graft |
3/F | POD 13 | Luminex SAB | N/A | A1, DQ5 | Steroids, MMF, IVIG | Alive with functioning graft | |
19 mo/F | POD 8 | Luminex SAB | Preformed & de novo | Cw7, Cw17, DR4, DR53, DQ8 | Steroids, MMF, IVIG, Rituximab | Alive with functioning graft | |
11/M | POD 7 | Luminex SAB | De novo | DR53, DQ8 | Steroids, MMF, PP, IVIG, ATG, Bortezomib | Alive with functioning graft | |
6 mo/M | POD 38 | Luminex SAB | De novo | DQ7, DQ9 | Steroids, MMF, PP, IVIG, Rituximab | Retransplant, death | |
3/M | POD 7 | Luminex SAB | Preformed | A1, B8, Cw7, DR17, DQ2, DP1 | Steroids, MMF, PP, IVIG, Rituximab, Bortezomib, Eculizumab | Alive with functioning graft |
N/A, not available/information not provided; SAB, single antigen bead-based testing; PP, plasmapheresis; IVIG, intravenous immunoglobulin; ATG, antithymocyte globulin.