Table 2.
Socioeconomic inequalities in overweight in the Millennium Cohort Study by maternal academic attainment at ages 3, 5, 7 and 11 (n=14 872; 46 094 observations)
| Age 3 | Age 5 | Age 7 | Age 11 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Relative inequality: adjusted† prevalence ratios (PR) for overweight (95% CIs) | ||||
| Degree | – | – | – | – |
| Diploma | 1.0 (0.9 to 1.1) | 1.2 (1.0 to 1.4)‡ | 1.2 (1.0 to 1.4) | 1.2 (1.1 to 1.4)‡ |
| A Level | 0.9 (0.8 to 1.0) | 1.0 (0.9 to 1.2) | 1.2 (1.0 to 1.4)‡ | 1.2 (1.1 to 1.4)§ |
| GCSE A*–C | 1.0 (0.9 to 1.2) | 1.2 (1.1 to 1.4)‡ | 1.4 (1.2 to 1.5)§ | 1.5 (1.3 to 1.6)§ |
| GCSE D–G | 1.1 (1.0 to 1.3) | 1.3 (1.1 to 1.5) | 1.4 (1.2 to 1.6)‡ | 1.5 (1.3 to 1.7)‡ |
| No qualifications | 1.1 (0.9 to 1.2) | 1.3 (1.1 to 1.5)‡ | 1.5 (1.3 to 1.8)§ | 1.6 (1.4 to 1.8)§ |
| Absolute inequality: adjusted† prevalence differences (PD) for overweight (95% CIs) | ||||
| Degree | – | – | – | – |
| Diploma | −0.2 (−3.4 to 3.0) | 3.2 (0.3 to 6.1)‡ | 2.6 (-0.1 to 5.3) | 5 (1.9 to 8.0)‡ |
| A Level | −2.8 (−6.0 to 0.3) | 0.5 (-2.5 to 3.5)‡ | 2.7 (-0.2 to 5.8)‡ | 5.2 (1.7 to 8.7)§ |
| GCSE A*–C | 0.9 (−1.6 to 3.4) | 4.2 (2.0 to 6.4)‡ | 5.9 (3.7 to 8.1)§ | 9.6 (7.1 to 12.1)§ |
| GCSE D–G | 3.2 (−0.3 to 6.8) | 5.1 (1.8 to 8.3) | 6 (2.8 to 9.2) | 10.3 (6.5 to 14)‡ |
| No qualifications | 1.8 (−1.6 to 5.2) | 5.8 (2.7 to 8.9)‡ | 8.3 (5.2 to 11.5)§ | 12.9 (9.1 to 16.8)§ |
Missing data (n) at age 3, 5, 7, 11 for: overweight: 1373, 251, 340, 410; maternal academic attainment: 110, 100, 88, 69; missing data (n) for maternal age at first live birth: 1359; cohort member ethnicity: 31.
†Adjusted for maternal age at first live birth, child sex and ethnicity.
‡≤0.05, §≤0.001; significance test p-value for age PR differences (interaction) and PD differences (pairwise comparisons) (age 3 baseline).
General Certificate of Education Advanced Level, A level; GCSE,General Certificate of Secondary Education.