Table 4.
Socioeconomic inequalities in socio-emotional difficulty (SED) in the Millennium Cohort Study by maternal academic attainment at ages 3, 5, 7 and 11 (n=15 103; 48 832 observations)
| Age 3 | Age 5 | Age 7 | Age 11 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Relative inequality: adjusted† prevalence ratios (PR) for SED (95% CIs) | ||||
| Degree | – | – | – | |
| Diploma | 1.5 (1.2 to 1.8) | 1.5 (1.1 to 1.9) | 1.6 (1.3 to 2.0) | 1.3 (1.0 to 1.6) |
| A Level | 1.3 (1.1 to 1.6) | 1.8 (1.4 to 2.4)‡ | 1.5 (1.1 to 1.9) | 1.4 (1.1 to 1.8) |
| GCSE A*–C | 1.9 (1.6 to 2.3) | 1.9 (1.5 to 2.4) | 1.9 (1.6 to 2.3) | 1.7 (1.5 to 2.1) |
| GCSE D–G | 2.7 (2.3 to 3.2) | 2.9 (2.2 to 3.7) | 2.5 (2.0 to 3.1) | 2.1 (1.7 to 2.5)‡ |
| No qualifications | 3.1 (2.6 to 3.7) | 4 (3.2 to 5.1)‡ | 3.1 (2.5 to 3.8) | 2.4 (1.9 to 2.9)‡ |
| Absolute inequality: adjusted† prevalence differences (PD) (95% CIs) | ||||
| Degree | – | – | – | |
| Diploma | 5.5 (2.6 to 8.4) | 2.4 (0.5 to 4.3)‡ | 4.5 (2.3 to 6.7) | 2.7 (0.3 to 5.0) |
| A Level | 3.4 (0.7 to 6.2) | 4.4 (2.3 to 6.6) | 3.3 (0.9 to 5.7) | 4.2 (1.2 to 7.1) |
| GCSE A*–C | 10.3 (8.1 to 12.4) | 4.8 (3.4 to 6.3)§ | 6.6 (4.8 to 8.4)‡ | 7.4 (5.4 to 9.4)‡ |
| GCSE D–G | 18.8 (15.7 to 22.0) | 9.8 (7.4 to 12.2)§ | 10.8 (8.0 to 13.6)§ | 10.9 (7.7 to 14.0)§ |
| No qualifications | 23.1 (19.9 to 26.3) | 16.1 (13.5 to 18.7)§ | 15.8 (12.9 to 18.7)§ | 13.4 (10.2 to 16.7)§ |
Missing data (n) at age 3, 5, 7, 11 for: SED: 1164, 647,492 528; maternal academic attainment: 110, 100, 88, 69; missing data (n) for maternal age at first live birth: 1359; cohort member ethnicity: 31.
†Adjusted for maternal age at first live birth, child sex and ethnicity.
‡≤0.05, §≤0.001; significance test p value for age PR differences (interaction) and PD differences (pairwise comparisons) (age 3 baseline).
General Certificate of Education Advanced Level, A level; GCSE,General Certificate of Secondary Education.