Table 1. Basic characteristics of the selected AKI studies for Scys.
| Study | Country | Clinical setting | No. of patients | AKI incidence (%) | Mean age (y) | Males (%) | Definition of AKI | Scys assay method |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Herget-Rosenthal S.21 | Germany | ICU | 85 | 51.8 | 66.6 | 63.9 | RIFLE-R | Immunonephelometric assay |
| Ling Q.22 | China | LTx | 30 | 43.3 | 47 | 90 | GFR < 80 mL/min/1.73 m2 | NR |
| Kato K.28 | Japan | CIN | 87 | 20.7 | 67 | 71.3 | Scr↑ > 25% or > 0.5 mg/dL within 48 h | PENIA |
| Liang X. L.23 | China | CS | 132 | 22.0 | NR | NR | RIFLE ≥ R | PETIA |
| Haase-Fielitz. A.29 | Australia | CS | 100 | 23.0 | 69.5 | 61 | RIFLE ≥ R | Immunonephelometric assay |
| Haase M.24 | Australia | CS | 100 | 46.0 | 71 | 61 | AKIN ≥ 1 | Immunonephelometric assay |
| Nejat M.25 | New Zealand | ICU | 318 | 6.0 | 60 | 61.1 | RIFLE ≥ R | PENIA |
| Briguori C.26 | Italy | CIN | 410 | 8.3 | 70 | 83.9 | Scr↑ ≥ 0.3 mg/dL from baseline | Dade Behring N Latex Scys assay |
| Stoto K.27 | Portugal | ED | 616 | 21.1 | 59.1 | 62.7 | RIFLE ≥ R & AKIN ≥ 1 | PENIA |
| Torregrosa L.30 | Spain | CIN | 89 | 13.5 | 62.6 | 75.3 | RIFLE ≥ R | Immunonephelometric assay |
| Spain | CS | 46 | 30.4 | 68.8 | 73.9 | RIFLE ≥ R | Immunonephelometric assay | |
| Chen T. H.31 | Taiwan | CCU | 150 | 28.7 | 66 | 75.3 | AKIN ≥ 1 | ELISA |
| Liu X. L.32 | China | CIN | 311 | 12.5 | 58.9 | 63.7 | KDIGO | ELISA |
| Hsiao P. G.33 | Taiwan | AMI | 96 | 17.7 | 63 | 90.6 | AKIN ≥ 1 | ELISA |
| Kokkoris S.34 | Greece | ICU | 100 | 36.0 | 49* & 63* | 57 | RIFLE ≥ R | Immunonephelometric assay |
| Aydoğdu M.35 | Turkey | ICU | 151 | 41.2 | 68.1 | 64.9 | RIFLE ≥ R | PENIA |
| Alharazy S. M.36 | Malaysia | CIN | 100 | 11.0 | 60.4 | 79 | Scr↑ ≥ 25% from baseline in 48 hours | PENIA |
| Wan Z. H.16 | China | ACLF | 56 | 14.3 | 44 | 71.4 | AKIN ≥ 1 | PENIA |
| Padhy M.37 | India | CIN | 60 | 50.0 | 55.9 | 73.3 | KDIGO | ELISA |
| Ghonemy T. A.38 | Egypt | CS | 50 | 34.0 | 44.4 | 64 | RIFLE ≥ R | ELISA |
| Yang H. T.39 | Korea | MBI | 90 | 34.4 | 49.3 | 85.6 | RIFLE ≥ R | Immunoturbidimetric assay |
| Prowle J. R.40 | Australia | CPB | 93 | 26.9 | 70* | 69 | RIFLE ≥ R | Immunonephelometric assay |
| Arun O.41 | Turkey | CS | 30 | 53.3 | 71.9 | 73.3 | KDIGO | Immunonephelometric assay |
| Tung Y. C.42 | Taiwan | ED | 189 | 19.6 | 62.3 | 86.6 | AKIN ≥ 1 | ELISA |
| Yim H.18 | Korea | BICU | 97 | 41.2 | 47 | 80.4 | AKIN ≥ 1 | NR |
| Chen J. Z.43 | China | PNE | 89 | 31.5 | 48.9 | 66.3 | AKIN ≥ 1 | ELISA |
| Liu Y. J.17 | China | CS | 35 | 54.3 | 52.2 | 34.3 | AKIN ≥ 1 | PETIA |
| Peng L.44 | China | CIN | 196 | 14.8 | 70.4 | 68.4 | KDIGO | PETIA |
| Gong M. M.45 | China | ICU | 176 | 40.3 | 55.1 | 61.9 | KDIGO | ELISA |
| GaygIsIz U.19 | Turkey | ICU | 72 | 26.4 | 64.6 | 72.2 | RIFLE ≥ R | PENIA |
| Martensson J.20 | Australia | ICU | 93 | 22.6 | 50* & 66* | 71 | KDIGO | PETIA |
Abbreviations: ACLE, acute-on-chronic liver failure; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; AKI, acute kidney injury; BICU, burn intensive care unit; CCU, coronary care unit; CIN, contrast-induced nephropathy; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; CS, cardiac surgery; ED, emergency department; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; KDIGO, Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes; LTx, liver transplantation; MBI, major burn injury; NR, not reported; PENIA, particle-enhanced nephelometric immunoassay; PETIA, particle-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay; PNE, Partial nephrectomy; RIFLE, risk-injury-failure-loss-end stage renal disease; Scr, serum creatinine; Scys, serum cystatin C.
*Median age (year).