Table 3.
Logistic Regression Analysis of Openness to Use Non-Cigarette Tobacco Products, National Adult Tobacco Survey 2012–2013
| Demographics | Cigar products (n=5,010) |
Electronic ciga- rettes (n=5,552) |
Hookah (n=5,107) | Pipe tobacco (n=5,767) |
Chew, snuff, dip (n=5,602) |
Snus (n=5,845) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 3.16 (2.59, 3.86)*** | 1.37 (1.13, 1.67)** | 1.17 (0.99, 1.38) | 2.86 (2.28, 3.61)*** | 5.55 (3.98, 7.76)*** | 4.85 (3.66, 6.43)*** |
| Female | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
| Non-Hispanic black | 0.87 (0.59, 1.28) | 0.57 (0.39, 0.83)* | 1.07 (0.78, 1.45) | 0.71 (0.46, 1.08) | 0.47 (0.25, 0.88)* | 0.17 (0.08, 0.34)*** |
| Hispanic | 1.01 (0.79, 1.31) | 0.72 (0.55, 0.94)* | 1.23 (0.99, 1.54) | 1.28 (0.98, 1.67) | 0.68 (0.48, 0.96)* | 0.39 (0.28, 0.56)* |
| Other group or unknown | 0.80 (0.59, 1.09) | 1.02 (0.76, 1.37) | 1.08 (0.85, 1.39) | 1.06 (0.77, 1.45) | 0.97 (0.67, 1.39) | 0.66 (0.47, 0.93)* |
| Age, years | ||||||
| 18–24 | 1.51 (1.22, 1.86)*** | 1.67 (1.36, 2.05)*** | 1.58 (1.33, 1.87)*** | 1.68 (1.33, 2.13)*** | 1.17 (0.90, 1.54) | 1.38 (1.09, 1.76)** |
| 25–29 | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
| Education | ||||||
| <High school | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
| High school diploma or equivalent |
1.21 (0.81, 1.80) | 1.12 (0.76, 1.65) | 2.08 (1.46, 2.97)*** | 0.80 (0.54, 1.17) | 0.92 (0.59, 1.45) | 1.12 (0.72, 1.76) |
| Some college | 1.29 (0.86, 1.94) | 1.12 (0.77, 1.64) | 2.71 (1.91, 3.85)*** | 0.86 (0.59, 1.27) | 0.72 (0.46, 1.14) | 0.96 (0.61, 1.50) |
| ≥College degree | 1.35 (0.88, 2.06) | 0.96 (0.64, 1.43) | 4.22 (2.93, 6.08)*** | 0.87 (0.58, 1.31) | 0.72 (0.45, 1.17) | 0.78 (0.48, 1.25) |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Married/partnership | 0.97 (0.78, 1.20) | 1.00 (0.83, 1.22) | 0.71 (0.60, 0.84)*** | 0.75 (0.59, 0.96)* | 1.25 (0.95, 1.65) | 0.87 (0.68, 1.10) |
| Unmarried | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
| Household income ($) | ||||||
| Refused, don’t know, missing |
0.80 (0.54, 1.18) | 1.55 (1.07, 2.32)* | 0.53 (0.39, 0.73)* | 0.76 (0.52, 1.11) | 1.26 (0.80, 2.00) | 0.93 (0.60, 1.43) |
| <30,000 | 0.77 (0.54, 1.09) | 1.07 (0.76, 1.51) | 0.53 (0.40, 0.71)* | 0.75 (0.53, 1.07) | 0.98 (0.63, 1.53) | 1.20 (0.79, 1.81) |
| 30,000–49,999 | 0.78 (0.55, 1.10) | 1.29 (0.93, 1.80) | 0.60 (0.46, 0.80)* | 0.80 (0.57, 1.12) | 0.93 (0.61, 1.43) | 0.79 (0.54, 1.15) |
| 50,000–69,999 | 0.90 (0.62, 1.31) | 1.51 (1.04, 2.19)* | 0.66 (0.48, 0.90)* | 1.03 (0.71, 1.50) | 1.18 (0.75, 1.87) | 0.94 (0.61, 1.45) |
| 70,000–99,999 | 0.84 (0.57, 1.23) | 1.32 (0.92, 1.90) | 0.75 (0.55, 1.01) | 0.97 (0.67, 1.40) | 1.20 (0.75, 1.90) | 1.18 (0.76, 1.82) |
| ≥100,000 | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
| Cigarette smoking status | ||||||
| Never smoker | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
| Non-current, ever smoker | 2.20 (1.62, 2.97)*** | 3.15 (2.41, 4.11)*** | 4.07 (3.31, 5.05)*** | 0.95 (0.68, 1.34) | 1.56 (1.01, 2.42)*** | 2.11 (1.34, 3.34)*** |
| Current smoker | 6.85 (4.87, 9.63)*** | 29.93 (21.51, 41.64)*** | 3.78 (2.84, 5.05)** | 2.39 (1.64, 3.48)*** | 4.01 (2.48, 6.49)*** | 8.27 (5.05, 13.56)*** |
| Former smoker | 5.91 (4.18, 8.36)*** | 8.80 (6.37, 12.17)*** | 4.44 (3.30, 5.98)*** | 1.31 (0.88, 1.96) | 4.87 (3.03, 7.82)*** | 6.66 (4.05, 10.95)*** |
| Use of any other non-cigarette product | ||||||
| Yes | 2.36 (1.85, 3.02)*** | 1.94 (1.57, 2.39)*** | 2.08 (1.70, 2.54)*** | 2.89 (2.12, 3.94)*** | 1.64 (1.14, 2.34)** | 3.79 (2.52, 5.69)*** |
| No | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
| Industry promotions | ||||||
| Received any promotion | 1.23 (0.97, 1.54) | 1.87 (1.51, 2.35)*** | 1.13 (0.92, 1.39) | 1.06 (0.82, 1.37) | 1.39 (1.03, 1.89)* | 1.64 (1.27, 2.10)*** |
| No promotions | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
| Perceived harms | ||||||
| Cigarettes are addictive | 0.98 (0.83, 1.15) | 1.01 (0.86, 1.17) | 1.14 (0.99, 1.31) | 0.85 (0.71, 1.01) | 1.06 (0.86, 1.30) | 1.14 (0.93, 1.40) |
| Cigarettes are harmful | 0.66 (0.50, 0.88)** | 0.84 (0.63, 1.13) | 0.95 (0.73, 1.24) | 0.80 (0.62, 1.04) | 0.83 (0.58, 1.18) | 1.13 (0.82, 1.54) |
Note: Boldface indicates statistical significance (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001). All independent variables displayed were included in the multivariable logistic regression model for openness to use each non-cigarette tobacco product. OR and 95% CI are displayed.