Table 4.
Multivariate animal model with carcass size, population of origin and batch effects as fixed effects, and estimates of the additive genetic variance (V a) of the female
| Residual (co)variances | Clutch size | Egg size | Direct care | Indirect care | Time begging | Dispersal mass | No. dispersed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch size | 0.641 (0.074) | −0.013 (0.110) | 0.127 (0.060) | 0.243 (0.058)** | −0.157 (0.104) | −0.202 (0.082) | 0.595 (0.045)** |
| Egg size | −0.009 (0.079) | 0.807 (0.121) | 0.044 (0.084) | −0.113 (0.082) | −0.065 (0.112) | 0.222 (0.082) | 0.088 (0.094) |
| Direct care | 0.097 (0.046) | 0.038 (0.072) | 0.898 (0.085) | 0.178 (0.053)* | 0.122 (0.073) | 0.174 (0.056)* | 0.099 (0.057) |
| Indirect care | 0.185 (0.047)** | −0.097 (0.071) | 0.160 (0.050)* | 0.907 (0.093) | 0.267 (0.074)* | 0.054 (0.059) | 0.343 (0.053)** |
| Time begging | −0.115 (0.076) | −0.053 (0.092) | 0.105 (0.064) | 0.232 (0.068)* | 0.831 (0.128) | 0.089 (0.099) | −0.092 (0.094) |
| Dispersal mass | −0.140 (0.060) | 0.173 (0.067) | 0.144 (0.048)* | 0.045 (0.049) | 0.071 (0.080) | 0.755 (0.088) | −0.145 (0.075) |
| No. dispersed | 0.398 (0.055)** | 0.067 (0.072) | 0.078 (0.046) | 0.273 (0.047)** | −0.070 (0.071) | −0.105 (0.056) | 0.701 (0.060) |
| Additive genetic (co) variances | Clutch size | Egg size | Direct care | Indirect care | Time begging | Dispersal mass | No. dispersed |
| Clutch size | 0.211 (0.084)* | 0.762 (0.543) | 0.345 (0.357) | −0.023 (0.438) | 0.770 (0.500)* | ||
| Egg size | 0.105 (0.079) | 0.091 (0.108) | 0.390 (0.569) | ||||
| Direct care | 0.003 (0.055) | ||||||
| Indirect care | 0.047 (0.070) | ||||||
| Time begging | 0.070 (0.073) | 0.196 (0.128) | 0.355 (0.517) | 0.434 (0.378) | |||
| Dispersal mass | −0.003 (0.057) | 0.044 (0.069) | 0.079 (0.077) | −0.346 (0.450) | |||
| No. dispersed | 0.125 (0.058)* | 0.041 (0.064) | 0.068 (0.061) | −0.034 (0.047) | 0.125 (0.056)* |
The tables show the variance–covariance-correlation matrix, with residual and additive genetic variances on the diagonal (italic cells), covariances below diagonal, and correlations above. Each value is followed by SE in brackets. Blank cells indicate covariances not estimable, because of small variance components. Significance of covariances and correlations is given by *P < 0.01; **P < 0.001. Trait values were standardized to unit variance prior to analyses (see Methods). SE, standard error.