Table 2. Defensome genes in larvae of Anopheles stephensi.
| Ntot | NDE | NNo-DE | 6 h |
24 h |
48 h |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Up | Down | No-DE | Up | Down | No-DE | Up | Down | No-DE | ||||
| Phase I | 66 | 44 | 22 | 14 | 11 | 41 | 9 | 13 | 44 | 7 | 23 | 36 |
| Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) | 44 | 33 | 11 | 9 | 9 | 26 | 6 | 9 | 29 | 5 | 18 | 21 |
| Epoxide hydrolase (EHs) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Aldo-keto-reductase (AKRs) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Carboxylesterases (CCEs) | 20 | 11 | 9 | 5 | 2 | 13 | 3 | 4 | 13 | 2 | 5 | 13 |
| Phase II | 35 | 24 | 11 | 1 | 3 | 31 | 1 | 19 | 15 | 1 | 22 | 12 |
| Glutathione S-tansferases (GSTs) | 22 | 14 | 8 | 0 | 2 | 20 | 0 | 13 | 9 | 0 | 14 | 8 |
| UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) | 13 | 10 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 11 | 1 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 8 | 4 |
| Phase 0/III | 19 | 10 | 9 | 3 | 2 | 14 | 2 | 6 | 11 | 3 | 4 | 12 |
| Antioxidant Enzymes | 6 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| Catalases (CATs) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Superoxide dismutases (SODs) | 5 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| Heat Shock Proteins (HPs) | 10 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 5 | 5 |
| Cuticular Proteins (CPs) | 68 | 54 | 14 | 5 | 33 | 30 | 0 | 3 | 65 | 5 | 11 | 52 |
Ntot: total number of defensome genes found, genes differentially expressed (DE) in at least one time point after permethrin exposure (NDE) and no differentially expressed in any time-point (NNO-DE). Up, Down and No-DE: genes up-, down-regulated and no differentially expressed with respect to controls after six, 24 and 48 hours of exposure to permethrin.