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. 2017 Jan 13;5(1):e13100. doi: 10.14814/phy2.13100

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© 2017 The Authors. Physiological Reports published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Physiological Society and the American Physiological Society.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Unanesthetized rats respond to shock‐inducing doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with phasic rises in the respiratory exchange ratio. Rats in this experiment were exposed to an ambient temperature of 22°C. LPS or its vehicle (saline) was administered via an IV catheter extension, without disturbing the rat. LPS serotypes and doses are indicated. The arrowhead marks the injection time. Data are shown as means ± standard errors. The number of animals in each group is shown in parentheses. The asterisk‐containing bar denotes the time window in which an LPS‐injected group was statistically different (P < 0.05) from the saline‐injected (control) group.