Table 1.

Potential factors identified from media reports of cattle attacks on people out walking in livestock areas (1 January 1993 to 31 May 2013) which may have influenced the likelihood or severity of an attack

Context	Potential factors identified
Circumstances	Location If public footpath was followed Gender of the walker Age of the walker Walking alone or with others Walking with one or more dogs Dog on or off a lead Dog antagonised the cattle Action of the walkers towards the cattle Cattle type: herd/cattle; cows and calves; cow; heifer; bull
Behaviour of the walker (and dog)	Strayed from the right of way Running/walking/cycling Walked between a mother and calf Fell over Dog possibly sparked the attack Dog ran into herd Owner tried to rescue the dog Owner picked up the dog to protect it Owner let go of the dog's lead Owner put dog on a lead to walk around the cattle
Behaviour of the cattle	Attacked Trampled Charged Protecting calf Tossed person into the air Scared of, interested in or ignored the dog Kicked Stamped Knocked down Crushing Butting Gore Surrounded Startled Irate Running towards walkers Unknown