Table 2. Completed clinical trials of cell-based lung regeneration therapy for COPD.

Location	Patients	Cell type	Dose	Frequency	Route	Follow-up	Status	Clinical trial No.	Reference
US	62	Allogeneic BM-MSCs	1×108 cells/infusion	Multiple; monthly ×4	IV	24 mo	Completed	NCT00683722	Weiss et al.29
Brazil	4	Autologous BMMCs	1×108 cells/mL	Single	IV	12 mo; extended to 36 mo	Completed	NCT01110252	Ribeiro-Paes et al.30, Stessuk et al.31
Netherlands	10	Autologous BM-MSCs	NA	Multiple; weekly ×2	IV	2 mo	Completed	NCT01306513	NA
Brazil	10	BM-MSCs	NA	Single	IT	4 mo	Completed	NCT01872624	NA

COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; BM-MSCs: bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells; IV: intravenous; BMMCs: bone marrow mononuclear cells; NA: not available; IT: intratracheal.