Table 1.
Characteristics of studies included for qualitative synthesis
| Study | Data | Was behaviour primary purpose? | Study design | Geographic setting | Study population characteristics | Age range and gender | Potential biases* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Condom use | No. of partners | Sex acts | |||||||
| Gray et al19 | Y | Y | No | RCT | Rakai, Uganda (R) | General population | 15–49, male | SD, sampling, recall | |
| Kiene et al20 | Y | N | Yes | Prospective cohort | Mpigi District, Uganda (R) | Outpatients | 18+, male and female | Sampling, recall | |
| Ruzagira et al21 | Y | Y | No | Prospective cohort | Masaka, Uganda (R) | HIV partners in serodiscordant relationships | 18–60, male and female | SD, sampling, recall | |
| Wawer et al22 | Y | Y | No | RCT | Rakai, Uganda (R) | General population | 15–49, female | SD, sampling, recall | |
| Ndase et al23 | N | Y | Yes | Prospective cohort | Botswana, Kenya, Rwanda, SA, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia (14 sites) | HIV partners in serodiscordant relationships | 18+, male and female | SD, sampling | |
| Bechange et al24 | Y | N | Yes | Prospective cohort | Tororo and Busia districts, Uganda (R) | Non-spousal household members of those commencing ART† | 18–69, male and female | SD, sampling, recall, attrition | |
| Mugwanya et al25 | Y | N | Yes | RCT | Kenya: Eldoret, Kisumu, Nairobi and Thika (U) Uganda: Jinja, Kabwohe, Kampala, Mbale, Tororo (U) |
HIV partners in serodiscordant relationships | 18–65, male and female | SD, sampling | |
| Ritchie et al26 | Y | N | Yes | Prospective cohort | Entebbe, Uganda (U) | HIV partners in serodiscordant and seroconcordant relationships | 18+, male and female | SD, sampling, recall | |
| Kalichman et al27 | Y | Y | Yes | Prospective cohort | Cape Town, SA (U) | STI clinic attendees | Unspecified, male and female | Sampling | |
| Ramjee et al28 | Y | Y | No | Prospective cohort | Durban, SA (U); Hlabisa, SA (R); Lusaka, Zambia (U); Moshi, Tanzania (U+R) | Sexually active women, largely from general population | Tanzania and Zambia: 16+, female SA: 18+, female |
SD, sampling | |
| Padian et al29 | Y | N | No | RCT | Durban, SA (U); Johannesburg, SA (U); Harare, Zimbabwe (U) | Sexually active women from general population | 18–49, female | SD, sampling, recall | |
| Van Damme et al30 | Y | Y | No | RCT | Bondo, Kenya (U); Pretoria, SA (U); Bloemfontein, SA (U); Arusha, Tanzania (U) | High risk‡ members from general population | 18–35, female | SD, sampling | |
| Djomand et al31 | Y | Y | Yes | Prospective cohort | Gaborone, Botswana (U) | High risk§ heterosexual men and women | 18–35, male and female | SD, sampling, recall | |
| Matambo et al32 | Y | N | Yes | Prospective cohort | Harare, Zimbabwe (U) | Employees | Unspecified, mostly male | SD, sampling, recall | |
*Biases refer to biases in our outcomes of interest, not necessarily the primary purpose of the given study.
†Non-spousal household member includes any individual aged 18–69 living in the household, except the spouse of the individual receiving ART.
‡High risk defined as “one or more vaginal sex acts in the previous 2 weeks or more than one sex partner in the previous month”.
§High risk defined as police officers.
ART, antiretroviral therapy; R, rural; RCT, randomised controlled trial; SA, South Africa; SD, social desirability; U, urban.