ZO-1 levels are not increased by Compound 49b when Epac1 is knocked down. Panel A shows ZO-1 levels in REC grown in NG, HG, HG + Compound 49b, HG + scrambled siRNA (HG + Sc), HG + Compound49b + scrambled siRNA (Sc + 49b), HG + Epac1 siRNA, or HG + Compound 49b + Epac1 siRNA (Epac1 siRNA + 49b). N = 4 for each group of cells. *P < 0.05 versus NG, #P < 0.05 versus HG, %P < 0.05 versus HG + Compound 49b. A representative blot is provided for each group. Panel B shows immunostaining of ZO-1 in Epac1 floxed mouse retina versus cdh5/Epac1 Cre-Lox mice retina. Scale bar is 50 μm. Red staining is ZO-1 and Isolectin B4 is green. Arrows point to gaps along the vessel with no ZO-1 staining. Staining is representative of four mice in each group. Panel C provides Western blot results for ZO-1 levels in the Epac1 floxed and conditional knockout mice. N = 4, *P < 0.05 versus floxed.