Table 3. Conditional weight gain during pregnancy and infant birth size¹ (n = 1436).

	Weight (g)	Length (cm)	Head (cm)	MUAC (cm)	Abdomen (cm)
Maternal variables; Z-score	β (95% CI)	β (95% CI)	β (95% CI)	β (95% CI)	β (95% CI)
PP BMI	88.65**(64.5, 112.8)	0.28 (0.08, 0.49)	0.29**(0.12, 0.46)	0.07(-0.03, 0.17)	0.24*(0.06, 0.42)
≤ 20 weeks CWG	111.40**(88.1, 134.7)	0.45**(0.25, 0.64)	0.38**(0.22, 0.54)	0.20**(0.10, 0.30)	0.54**(0.37, 0.72)
21–29 weeks, CWG	71.17**(47.0, 95.3)	0.30*(0.09, 0.50)	0.25*(0.08, 0.41)	0.13*(0.03, 0.23)	0.26*(0.07, 0.43)
≥ 30 weeks, CWG	38.94*(14.7, 63.1)	0.29*(0.09, 0.49)	0.09(-0.07, 0.26)	0.07(-0.03, 0.17)	-0.04(-0.22, 0.147)

¹ Significance level: *p<0.05 **p<0.01; Model adjusted for maternal prepregnancy BMI z-score, ethnicity, maternal age, education, treatment group, child gender, household SES, time from enrolment to conception and repeated measure; Conditional gestational weight gain during pregnancy: each window is independent of pre-pregnancy (PP) BMI and of weight gain in any prior window. Units are in standardized z-scores to allow for relative comparisons of a 1 SD average increase in weight gain for each window. A 1 SD weight gain per woman for each period (≤ 20 wk, 21–29 wk and ≥ 30 wk) is 2.4 kg, 2.3 kg and 2.9 kg respectively. MUAC, mid-upper-arm circumference; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; CWG, conditional weight gain.