Table 5. Growth model on Latent Classes (LCA), peabody picture vocabulary scores from ages 4 to 8a.
| PPVT scores at 50, 57, 82 and 105 months | Difference at105 months | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LCA Group | Intercept | Months | Slope | 50 | 57 | 82 | 105 | Points | Months |
| Developmentally enabled (ref.) | 64.4*** (64.2, 64.6) | 0.2808*** (0.2759, 0.2857) | 64.4 (64.2, 64.6) | 66.4 (66.1, 66.6) | 73.4 (73.2, 73.5) | 79.8 (79.7, 80.0) | |||
| Working poor | -1.6*** (-2.1, -1.1) | -5.8 | -0.0009n.s. (-0.0110, 0.0092) | 62.8 (62.4, 63.2) | 64.7 (64.4, 65.1) | 71.7 (71.4, 72.0) | 78.2 (77.8, 78.5) | -1.7*** (-2.0, -1.3) | -5.9 |
| Overwhelmed | -5.3*** (-6.0, -4.6) | -18.9 | 0.0293*** (0.0149, 0.0438) | 59.1 (58.5, 59.7) | 61.3 (60.7, 61.8) | 69.0 (68.6, 69.4) | 76.1 (75.6, 76.7) | -3.7*** (-4.2, -3.1) | -13.1 |
| Developmental delay | -2.7*** (-3.4, -1.9) | -9.6 | 0.0120 n.s. (-0.0035, 0.0277) | 61.7 (61.0, 62.4) | 63.8 (63.1, 64.4) | 71.1 (70.6, 71.6) | 77.8 (77.3, 78.4) | -2.0*** (-2.6, -1.4) | -7.2 |
| Low human capital | -1.7*** (-2.4, -1.1) | -6.1 | 0.00736 n.s. (-0.0064, 0.0211) | 62.7 (62.1, 63.3) | 64.7 (64.2, 65.2) | 71.9 (71.5, 72.3) | 78.5 (78.0, 79.0) | -1.3*** (-1.8, -0.8) | -4.7 |
| Resource poor NESB | -7.4*** (-8.1, -6.7) | -26.3 | 0.0813*** (0.0656, 0.0969) | 57.0 (56.3, 57.7) | 59.5 (58.9, 60.2) | 68.6 (68.1, 69.0) | 76.9 (76.4, 77.5) | -2.9*** (-3.5, -2.3) | -10.4 |
a figures in parentheses are 95% confidence intervals;
*** p < 0.001;
n.s. non-significant