Table 1.

GENERALLY CLASSIFIED PROSTATE CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY APPROACHES.

Active immunotherapy, triggering the host immune system to focusly target cancer cells.
Prostate cancer therapeutic vaccines:	▪ cell-based vaccines, by using tumor pulsed-dendritic cells or autologous cancer cells, quite as personalized immunotherapy approaches to target patient’s mutation-derived specific antigens. ▪ vector-based vaccines, by using engineered virus (recombinant viral vector-based vaccine) or other vectors to carry: - DNA/mRNA, encoding tumor-associated antigens. - peptides, as tumor specific antigens.
Cancer vaccines may be also provided with adjuvants (e.g., interleukin-2) to enhance the immune response.
Passive immunotherapy, including the use of monoclonal antibodies or adoptively transferred T-cells.
Immune check point blockers, as monoclonal antibodies targeting immune check point receptors such as CTLA-4 and PD-1. Novel monoclonal antibodies against T-cell check point inhibitory receptors are able to prolong their anti-immunosuppressive effects, thus substantially enhancing the response to combined other immunotherapeutic approaches.
Specific monoclonal antibodies targeting tumor-associated antigens, just as a main option of passive immunotherapy even though repeated antibody infusions are required to mantain anti-tumor immune conditions, given the lack of real immune system memory deriving from such immunotherapy measure.
Adoptive T-cell transfer (ACT), by use of adoptively transferred T-cells ( tumor specific autologous cytotoxic lymphocyte transfer).